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Long-Term Modulation of Appetitive Hormones and Sweet Cravings After Adjustable Gastric Banding and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

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Abstract

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) produces greater weight loss compared with a purely restrictive procedure such as laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB).

Objective

The objective of this study was to quantify changes in hormones that regulate energy homeostasis and appetitive sensations before and after LAGB (n = 18) and RYGB (n = 38) in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the greater weight loss after RYGB.

Methods

A standardized test meal was administered prior to surgery, at 6 months, and annually thereafter to year 2 after LAGB and year 4 after RYGB. Blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-meal.

Results

Progressive increases in fasting PYY were observed after RYGB together with increases in postprandial area under the curve (AUC) levels that were unchanged after LAGB. GLP-1 AUC increased only after RYGB. There was a weight loss-related increase in fasting ghrelin levels after LAGB that was unchanged 1 year after RYGB despite greater percentage weight loss; ghrelin subsequently increased at years 2–4 post-RYGB. HOMA-IR decreased after both procedures but correlated with weight loss only after LAGB, whereas leptin correlated with weight loss in both groups. Sweet cravings decreased after RYGB.

Conclusion

A number of weight loss-independent changes in the gut hormonal milieu likely act in concert to promote a decrease in insulin resistance and greater weight loss efficacy after RYGB. A progressive change in hormone levels over time may reflect gut enteroplasticity after RYGB. A decrease in sweet cravings specific to RYGB may further promote superior weight loss outcomes.

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Funding Sources

NIH DK072011; NIH T32 DK07271; NCRR UL1 RR024156.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 650 West 168th St., BB 20-08, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Alina I. Tsouristakis, Gerardo Febres, Donald J. McMahon, Beverly Tchang, Irene M. Conwell, Amanda J. Tsang & Judith Korner

  2. Department of Surgery, Wyckoff Heights Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Leaque Ahmed

  3. Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

    Marc Bessler

Authors
  1. Alina I. Tsouristakis
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  2. Gerardo Febres
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  3. Donald J. McMahon
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  4. Beverly Tchang
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  5. Irene M. Conwell
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  6. Amanda J. Tsang
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  7. Leaque Ahmed
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  8. Marc Bessler
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  9. Judith Korner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Judith Korner.

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Conflict of Interest

AT, GF, DJM, BT, AT, IMC, LA have nothing to declare. MB has patent 16046592 pending, and patent 20040039452 issued. JK serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of Digma Medical and receives stock options, and receives financial compensation for serving on the Scientific Advisory Board of GI Dynamics.

Ethical Statement

All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Tsouristakis, A.I., Febres, G., McMahon, D.J. et al. Long-Term Modulation of Appetitive Hormones and Sweet Cravings After Adjustable Gastric Banding and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. OBES SURG 29, 3698–3705 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-04111-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-019-04111-z

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