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Effects of Temperature of In-flight Particles on Bonding and Microstructure in Warm-Sprayed Titanium Deposits

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Abstract

Micron-sized titanium particles were deposited on steel substrates by the warm spraying, which is a modified high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying technique. In the process, nitrogen gas is mixed with the HVOF flame jet to lower the temperature of injected powder particles. Detailed observations of splats formed on polished substrates by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted to investigate the effects of particle temperature on the bonding of splats with the substrate and the microstructure within the splats. At lower nitrogen flow rates, the particles observed were heavily deformed and exhibited diverse splat morphologies and microstructures. At higher nitrogen flow rates, most of the particles were impacted in the solid state and the oxidation of particles was remarkably less. The TEM observation revealed distinctively different microstructures within the splats as well as the splat/substrate interfaces depending on whether the particle was molten or solid before the impact.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Sanjay Sampath of SUNY Stony Brook University for his advice on the microstructural characteristic of deposited splats, and Ms Kawano and Mr Komatsu of NIMS for sample preparations. This research was supported by the Nanotechnology Network Program of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government and KAKENHI 19360335.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Composites and Coatings Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan

    KeeHyun Kim, Makoto Watanabe, ** Kawakita & Seiji Kuroda

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  1. KeeHyun Kim
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  2. Makoto Watanabe
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  3. ** Kawakita
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  4. Seiji Kuroda
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Correspondence to KeeHyun Kim.

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Kim, K., Watanabe, M., Kawakita, J. et al. Effects of Temperature of In-flight Particles on Bonding and Microstructure in Warm-Sprayed Titanium Deposits. J Therm Spray Tech 18, 392–400 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-009-9303-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-009-9303-8

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