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Wetting Behavior and Heat Transfer of Aqueous Graphene Nanofluids

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Abstract

Aqueous graphene nanofluids having concentrations 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 vol.% were used as heat transfer media during quenching of ISO 9950 inconel alloy probe. Contact angle measurements were carried out to assess the wettability of graphene nanofluids. Nanofluids showed better wettability compared to base water with over 16% reduction in their contact angles. The cooling performance of the quench media was assessed by cooling curve analysis during quenching of an instrumented inconel probe from 860 °C into the quench medium. Recorded temperature readings showed longer vapor phase stage during quenching with nanofluids. The severity of nanofluids was found to be lower relative to water. During quenching with nanofluids, the estimated spatiotemporal heat flux transients at the metal/quenchant interface showed that more heat was removed during the vapor phase stage of cooling. The present study brings out the possibility of using stable water-graphene nanoplatelet suspensions for quench heat treatment of steel components requiring cooling severity between water and oil/polymer quenchants.

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Abbreviations

R a :

Average roughness value (µm)

R z :

Average roughness depth (µm)

Crmax :

Maximum cooling rate (°C/s)

CR705 :

Cooling rate at 705 °C (°C/s)

CR550 :

Cooling rate at 550 °C (°C/s)

CR300 :

Cooling rate at 300 °C (°C/s)

CR200 :

Cooling rate at 200 °C (°C/s)

T maxcr :

Temperature at maximum cooling rate (°C/s)

H :

Quench severity

CR500-600 :

Average cooling rate from 500 to 600 °C (°C/s)

q :

Unknown heat flux (MW/m2)

γ lv :

Liquid-vapor interfacial surface tension (mN/m)

θ :

Contact angle measured at the triple line (solid-liquid-vapor interface) (°)

γ sv :

Solid-vapor interfacial tension (mN/m)

γ sl :

Solid-liquid interfacial tension (mN/m)

I vap :

Heat removed at the end of the vapor phase stage (MJ/m2)

I max :

Heat removed at the maximum heat flux point (MJ/m2)

I 20 :

Heat removed in the time period of 20 s during quenching (MJ/m2)

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Acknowledgment

One of the authors (KNP) thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India for the Research Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar, Mangalore, 575025, India

    Vignesh U. Nayak & Narayan K. Prabhu

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  1. Vignesh U. Nayak
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  2. Narayan K. Prabhu
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Correspondence to Narayan K. Prabhu.

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Nayak, V.U., Prabhu, N.K. Wetting Behavior and Heat Transfer of Aqueous Graphene Nanofluids. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 1474–1480 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1962-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1962-2

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