Abstract
In order to better understand the texture evolution, coincidence site lattice (CSL) and forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of ferritic stainless steels with and without hot band annealing, the texture evolution and CSL of ferritic stainless steels with 15% Cr content were studied by using x-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction technique. The strain hardening exponent n value, the strength coefficient K value, and Plastic strain ratio r value are the key parameters for the FLD. It was found out that the FLDo of plane strain condition and the stretchability were mainly influenced by their n value and K value, respectively. The higher n value and K value, better was the stretchability of investigated steels. The intensity of the γ-fiber dominated by {111} 〈112〉 was improved significantly in the cold rolled and annealed sheets because of a hot band annealing treatment and the sharp increase of Σ13b CSL boundaries. The increase of the formability is attributed to the significantly increase of the r value.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. Kuzucu, M. Aksoy, and M.H. Korkut, The Effect of Niobium on the Microstructure of Ferritic Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1997, 230, p 75–80
Y. Yazawa, Y. Ozaki, and Y. Kato, Development of Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets with Excellent Deep Drawability by 111 Recrystallization Texture Control, JSAE Rev., 2003, 24, p 483–488
N. Fujita, K. Ohmura, and A. Yamamoto, Changes of Microstructures and High Temperature Properties During High Temperature Service of Niobium Added Ferritic Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 351, p 272–281
G.M. Sim, J.C. Ahn, and S.C. Hong, Effect of Nb Precipitate Coarsening on the High Temperature Strength in Nb Containing Ferritic Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 396, p 159–165
S. Feliu, Jr., and M.L. Perez-Revenga, Effect of Alloying Elements (Ti, Nb, Mn and P) and the Water Vapour Content in the Annealing Atmosphere on the Surface Composition of Interstitial-Free Steels at the Galvanising Temperature, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2004, 229, p 112–123
A. Oudin, M.R. Barnett, and P.D. Hodgson, Grain Size Effect on the Warm Deformation Behaviour of a Ti-IF Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2004, 367, p 282–294
R. Narayanasamy and C. Sathiyanarayanan, Some Aspects on Fracture Limit Diagram Developed for Different Steel Sheets, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 417, p 197–224
S.P. Keeler, Determination of Forming Limits in Automotive Stam**s, Sheet Met. Ind., 1965, 42, p 683–691
G.M. Goodwin, Application of Strain Analysis to Sheet Metal Forming Problems in the Press Shop-IDDRG, Metall. Ital., 1968, 60, p 767–774
M.C. Butuc, A. Barata da Rocha, J.J. Gracio, J. Ferreira Duarte, P. Jurco, and D.S. Comsa, A More General Model for Forming Limit Diagrams Prediction, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2002, 125–126, p 213–218
M.C. Butuc, J.J. Gracie, and A. Barata da Rocha, A theoretical Study on Forming Limit Diagrams Prediction, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2003, 142, p 714–724
Philip. Eyckens, Albert. Van Bael, and Panl. Van Houtte, Marciniak-Kuczynski Type Modelling of the Effect of Through-Thickness Shear on the Forming Limits of Sheet Metal, Int. J. Plasticity, 2009, 25, p 2249–2268
L. Wang and T.C. Lee, The Effect of Yield Criteria on the Forming Limit Curve Prediction and the Deep Drawing Process Simulation, Int. J. M. T. Manuf., 2006, 46, p 988–995
S. Ahmadi, A.R. Eivani, and A. Akbarzadeh, An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Prediction of Forming Limit Diagrams Using New BBC Yield Criteria and M-K Analysis, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2009, 44, p 1272–1280
C.Y. Tang and W.H. Tai, Material Damage and Forming Limits of Textured Sheet Metals, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2000, 99, p 135–140
M. Safaeirad, M.R. Toroghinejad, and F. Ashrafizadeh, Effect of Microstructure and Texture on Formability and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheets, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 196, p 205–212
R. Narayanasamy and C. Sathiyanarayanan, Forming, Fracture and Wrinkling Limit Diagram for If Steel Sheets of Different Thickness, Mater. Des., 2008, 29, p 1467–1475
H.T. Yan, H.Y. Bi, X. Li, and Z. Xu, Effect of Two-Step Cold Rolling and Annealing on Texture, Grain Boundary Character Distribution and r-Value of Nb + Ti Stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel, Mater. Charact., 2009, 60, p 65–68
R. Narayanasamy, and C. Sathiyanarayanan, Report of FLD on IF steels submitted to TISCO. National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamilnadu, India, 2005
Y. Yazawa, M. Muraki, and Y. Kato, Effect of Chromium Content on Relationship Between R-Value and 111 Recrystallization Texture in Ferritic Steel, ISIJ Int., 2003, 43, p 1647–1651
T. Senuma and K. Kawasaki, Texture Formation in Ti-bearing IF Steel Sheets Throughout the Rolling and Annealing Processes in Terms of the Influence of Hot Rolling Conditions on Deep Drawability, ISIJ Int., 1994, 34, p 51–60
R.K. Ray and J.J. Jonas, Transformation Textures in Steels, Int. Mater. Rev., 1990, 35, p 1–36
D. Daniel and J.J. Jonas, Measurement and Prediction of Plastic Anisotropy in Deep-Drawing Steels, ISIJ Int., 1990, 21A, p 331–343
S.H. Park, K.Y. Kim, Y.D. Lee, and C.G. Park, Evolution of Microstructure and Texture Associated with Ridging in Ferritic Stainless Steels, ISIJ Int., 2002, 42, p 100–105
H.J. Shin, J.K. An, S.H. Park, and D.N. Lee, The Effect of Texture on Ridging of Ferritic Stainless Steel, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, p 4693–4706
R.K. Ray, J.J. Jonas, and R.E. Hook, Cold Rolling and Annealing Textures in Low Carbon and Extra Low Carbon Steels, Int. Mater. Rev., 1994, 39, p 129–172
M.-Y. Huh and O. Engler, Effect of Intermediate Annealing on Texture, Formability and Ridging of 17%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheet, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, 38, p 74–87
C.W. Sinclair, F. Robaut, L. Maniguet, J.-D. Mithieux, J.-H. Schmitt, and Y. Brechet, Recrystallization and Texture in a Ferritic Stainless Steel: an EBSD Study, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2003, 5, p 570–574
Rajib. Saha, R.K. Ray, and B. Bhattacharjee, Microstructural and Textural Changes in a Severely Cold Rolled Boron-Added Interstitial-Free Steel, Scripta Mater., 2007, 57, p 257–260
D. Raabe, Y. Wang, and F. Roters, Crystal Plasticity Simulation Study on the Influence of Texture on Earing in Steel, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2005, 34, p 221–234
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Xu Chen and Jiaqing Gu of Baosteel for conducting the experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shu, J., Bi, H., Li, X. et al. Effect of Hot Band Annealing on Forming Limit Diagrams of Ultra-Pure Ferritic Stainless Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 982–989 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0801-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0801-y