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Simulation of flow control in the meniscus of a continuous casting mold with opposing alternating current magnetic fields

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Abstract

A numerical simulation was performed for a novel electromagnetic stirring system that employs two rotating magnetic fields. The system controls stirring flow in the meniscus region of a continuous casting mold independently from the stirring induced within the remaining volume of the mold by a main electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) system. This control is achieved by applying to the meniscus region an alternating current-stirring modifier (AC-SM) whose direction of rotation is opposite to that of the main magnetic field produced by the M-EMS. The model computes values and spatial distributions of electromagnetic parameters and fluid flow in stirred pools of mercury in cylindrical and square pools. Also predicted are the relationships between electromagnetics and fluid flows pertinent to a dynamic equilibrium of the opposing stirring swirls in the meniscus region. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with the measurements obtained from experiments with mercury pools.

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Abbreviations

B :

magnetic flux density (Tesla)

C :

(=9.0) constant that characterizes the roughness of a boundary surface

c μ :

(=0.09) constant

c MHD :

(=0.1) MHD constant in k-ε model

c 1ε :

(=1.44) constant of turbulence production

c 2ε :

(=1.92) constant of turbulence dissipation

E :

electric field strength (V/m)

F :

electromagnetic body force (Newton)

f :

frequency (s−1)

G k :

production or suppression of turbulence kinetic energy due to buoyancy (J/s m3)

g :

acceleration of gravity (m/s2)

H :

magnetic field strength (A/m)

h :

depth of meniscus concavity (m)

J :

current density (A/m2)

K :

(=0.42) von Karman constant

k :

turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

P k :

mean production in k and ε equations (J/s m3)

p :

pressure (Newton/m2)

t :

Time (s)

U :

flow velocity (m/s)

u* :

friction velocity (m/s)

x i :

coordinate system (m)

y l :

thickness of laminar sublayer (m)

y p :

distance of node P from the wall (m)

σ :

fluid electric conductivity (S/m)

σ h :

(=0.9) turbulence Prandtl number for conductivity

σ k :

(=1.0) turbulence Prandtl number for k

ε MHD :

(=1.3) turbulence Prandtl number for ε

ρ :

density (kg/m3)

ε :

dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy (W/kg)

ε ijk :

rotation index

μ λ :

laminar viscosity (kg/m s)

μ t :

turbulent viscosity (kg/m s)

μ eff :

effective viscosity (kg/m s)

c :

critical state

i :

free or dummy index

j :

free or dummy index

λ :

free or dummy index, Laminar

t :

turbulence

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Thermal and Electromechanical Section, Energy Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 60439, Argonne, IL

    Fon-Chieh Chang (Staff Engineer) & John R. Hull (Senior Engineer and Manager)

  2. ABB, Ontario, Canada

    Len Beitelman (Senior Technical Consultant)

Authors
  1. Fon-Chieh Chang
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  2. John R. Hull
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  3. Len Beitelman
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Chang, FC., Hull, J.R. & Beitelman, L. Simulation of flow control in the meniscus of a continuous casting mold with opposing alternating current magnetic fields. Metall Mater Trans B 35, 1129–1137 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-004-0069-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-004-0069-6

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