SpringerLink
Log in

Curing Kinetics and Properties of Epoxy Resin with 1, 4-bis (2, 4-diaminophenoxy)benzene

  • Organic materials
  • Published:
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A multifunctional amine, 1,4-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)benzene (14BDAPOB), was prepared and used as a novel hardener for novolac epoxy resin (ER). The structure of 14BDAPOB was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing kinetics of the novolac epoxy resin/1,4-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)benzene (ER/14BDAPOB) system was studied by means of non-isothermal DSC experiments at five heating rates and determined by the Kissinger, Ozawa and Crane methods. The results showed that the activation energy Ea of the ER/14BDAPOB (74.56 kJ/mol) system was higher than that of the epoxy resin/LCA-30 (ER/LCA-30, 68.85 kJ/mol), where LCA-30 is a commercial modified diamine. The reaction order, frequency factor and the reaction rate constant at peak temperature of the two systems were calculated. The initial decomposition temperatures (Tonset) were 398.8 °C (ER/14BDAPOB) and 334.3 °C(ER/LCA-30). The tensile shear strengths were 21.63 MPa (ER/14BDAPOB) and 21.28 MPa (ER/LCA-30). The results showed that the two cured systems exhibited good thermal and mechanical properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. May CA. Epoxy Resins Chemistry and Technology[M]. second ed. Yew York: Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  2. Musto P, Abbate M, Ragosta G, et al. A Study by Raman, Near-infrared and Dynamic-mechanical Spectroscopies on the Curing Behaviour, Molecular Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Epoxy/Anhydride Networks[J]. Polymer, 2007, 48: 3703–3716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wan J, Bu ZY, Xu CJ, et al. Model-fitting and Model-Free Nonisothermal Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resin with a Low-volatile Five-armed Starlike Aliphatic Polyamine[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2011, 525: 31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wan J, Li BG, Fan H, et al. Nonisothermal Reaction Kinetics of DGEBA with Four-armed Atarlike Polyamine with Benzene Core (MXBDP) as Novel Curing Agent[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2010, 510: 46–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wan J T, Li C, Bu ZY, et al. A Comparative Study of Epoxy Resin Cured with a Linear Diamine and a Branched Polyamine[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2012, 188: 160–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Montserrat S, Martin JG. Non-isothermal Curing of Diepoxide-Cycloaliphalic Diamine System by Temperature Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2002, 388: 343–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cai HY, Li P, Sui G, et al. Curing Kinetics Study of Epoxy Resin/Flexible Amine Toughness Systems by Dynamic and Isothermal DSC[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2008, 473: 101–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang HM, Zhang YC, Zhu LR, et al. Curing Behaviors and Kinetics of Epoxy Resins with a Series of Biphenyl Curing Agents Having Different Methylene Units[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2011, 521: 18–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wan JT, Bu ZY, Xu CJ, et al. Preparation, Curing Kinetics and Properties of a Novel Low-volatile Starlike Aliphatic-Polyamine Curing Agent for Epoxy Resins[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2011, 171: 357–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Li C, Fan H, Hu JJ, et al. Novel Silicone Aliphatic Amine Curing Agent for Epoxy Resin: 1,3-Bis(2-aminoethylaminomethyl) tetramethyldisiloxane. 2. Isothermal Cure, and Dynamic Mechanical Property [J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2012, 549: 132–139

    Google Scholar 

  11. Maity T, Samanta B, Banthia A, et al. Synthesis, Characterisation, Curing Reaction of Aniline Acetaldehyde Condensate with Epoxy Resin[J]. Resin Technol., 2011, 40: 285–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghaemy M, Barghamadi M, Behmadi H. Nonisothermal Cure Kinetics of DGEBA with Novel Aromatic Diamine[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 103: 3076–3083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hu JH, Shan J Y, Zhao J, et al. Water Resistance and Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resins with a Novel Curing Agent of Biphenyl-containing Amine Synthesized by One-pot Method[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2015, 606: 58–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tang XP, Huang CH. Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resin by Amine-containing Agents[J]. Guangzhou Huagong, 2013, 41(8): 86–87, 204

    Google Scholar 

  15. Liu XD, Cheng J, Lin X, et al. Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resins/Amine System and Epoxy/Episulfide Resin/Amine System[J]. Huagong Xuebao (Chinese Edition), 2013, 64(11): 4046–4053

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mustafa MF, Cook WD, Schiller TL, et al. Curing Behavior Andthermal Properties of TGDDM Copolymerized with a New Pyridine-containing Diamine and with DDM or DDS [J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2014, 575: 21–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bhuvana S, Sarojadevi MJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy/Amine Terminated Amide-Imide-Imide Blends[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2008, 108: 2001–2009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Supriya N, Catherine KB. DSC-TG Studies on Kinetics of Curing and Thermal Decomposition of Epoxy-Ether Amine Systems[J]. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2013, 112: 201–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wan JT, Li BG, Fan H, et al. Nonisothermal Reaction, Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy System with Novel Nonlinear Multifunctional Polyamine Hardener[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2010, 511: 51–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Luda MP, Balabanovich AI, Zanetti M, et al. Thermal Decomposition of Fire Retardant Brominated Epoxy Resins Cured with Different Nitrogen Containing Hardeners[J]. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2007, 92: 1088–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Woo EM, Seferis JC, Schaffnit RS. Viscoelastic Characterization of High Performance Epoxy Matrix Composites[J]. Polym. Compos., 1991, 12: 273–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tripathi G, Srivastava D. Cure Kinetics of Ternary Blends of Epoxy Resins Studiedby Nonisothermal DSC Data[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2009, 112: 3119–3126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jagadeesh KS, Gururaja RJ. Effect of Type of Substitution in 4,4’-Bis-(diaminodiphenyl) Methane Hardener on Cure Kinetics, Mechanical, and Flame Retardant Properties of Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resins[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006, 101: 480–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wan JT, Bu ZY, Xu CJ, et al. Model-fitting and Model-free Nonisothermal Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resin with a Low-volatile Fivearmed Starlike Aliphatic Polyamine[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2011, 525: 31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Van AG, Van HA, Rahier H, et al. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry: Isothermal Cure and Vitrification of Thermosetting Systems[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 1996, 286: 209–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Girard-Reydet E, Riccardi C, Sautereau CH, et al. Epoxy-Aromatic Diamine Kinetics. 1. Modeling and Influenceof the Diamine Structure[J]. Macromolecules, 1995, 28: 7599–7607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ghaffaria M, Ehsania M, Khonakdara HA, et al. Evaluation of Curing Kinetic Parameters of an Epoxy/Polyaminoamide/Nano-Glassflake System by Non-isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry[J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2012, 533: 10–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zvetkov VL. Comparative DSC Kinetics of the Reaction of DGEBA with Aromatic Diamines. I. Non-isothermal Kinetic Study of the Reaction of DGEBA with m-Phenylene Diamine[J]. Polymer, 2001, 42: 6687–6697

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kissinger HE. Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis[J]. Anal. Chem., 1957, 29: 1702–1706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ozawa T. Kinetic Analysis of Derivative Curves in Thermal Analysis[J]. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1965, 38: 1881–1886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Crane LW, Dynes PJ, Kaelble DH. Analysis of Curing Kinetics in Polymer Composites[J]. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed., 1973, 11: 533–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    **nhai Yu  (虞鑫海) & Yongfen Xu  (徐永芬)

  2. Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers and Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    **nhai Yu  (虞鑫海) & Yongfen Xu  (徐永芬)

  3. College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China

    Shuo Chen

Authors
  1. **nhai Yu  (虞鑫海)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuo Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yongfen Xu  (徐永芬)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yongfen Xu  (徐永芬).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, X., Chen, S. & Xu, Y. Curing Kinetics and Properties of Epoxy Resin with 1, 4-bis (2, 4-diaminophenoxy)benzene. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 33, 1256–1262 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1960-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1960-3

Key words

Search

Navigation