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Coupling effect of superfine zeolite and fiber on enhancing the long-term performance of stabilized/solidified Pb-contaminated clayey soils

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Abstract

The focus of the present study was on the applicability of superfine zeolite (SZ) and polypropylene fibers in improving the geo-environmental parameters as well as the durability of cement-based stabilized/solidified low plasticity clay containing different dosages of Pb. The leaching data revealed that while adding a low range (≤ 7.5%) of sole cement even in the severely polluted soils could fully eliminate the Pb bioavailability, the metal retention capacity might portray a marked sensitivity to the acid-washing process. A major reduction was also observed in the mechanical/leaching performance of those samples after undergoing the wetting–drying (w-d) cycle, especially at a high proportion of Pb, which could weaken the cementation bonding dramatically; hence, much more cement was needed to pass the required stabilization/solidification (S/S) standards. Besides, the micro level tests indicated that the application of SZ (with 25% cement replacement) would alleviate the Pb declining impact on the S/S reactions and modify the porous network of soil. As a result, the specimens amended by cement-SZ (CSZ) were more functional (~ 1.4 times) in immobilizing the toxic ions than the cement alone was. However, the CSZ admixture might not perfectly restrain the w-d forces/deteriorations. Such a potential drawback was found to be solvable by the insertion of fiber, in which case, an enhancement in the ductility and the metal capsulation could be also manifested. In fact, the CSZ/fiber treatment could form a well-intertwined matrix, showing high success rates in stabilizing/solidifying the contaminated soils alongside a significant decrease (~ 2-folds) in the quantity of needed amount of cement to give the S/S satisfactory operation under the harsh environmental conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Mazaher Rozbahani & Seyed Hamid Lajevardi

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

    Amir Reza Goodarzi

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  1. Mazaher Rozbahani
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  2. Amir Reza Goodarzi
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  3. Seyed Hamid Lajevardi
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by MR, ARG, and SHL. The final draft of the manuscript was written by ARG, and all authors commented on previous drafts of the manuscript. The corresponding author ensures that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors.

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Correspondence to Amir Reza Goodarzi.

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Rozbahani, M., Goodarzi, A.R. & Lajevardi, S.H. Coupling effect of superfine zeolite and fiber on enhancing the long-term performance of stabilized/solidified Pb-contaminated clayey soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 4203–4218 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22453-7

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