SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken skin waste: an economic and environmental biofuel feedstock in Bangladesh

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the dominating meat supply industries, the poultry chicken sector, is facing waste management concerns worldwide. Due to high oil content containment, biofuel researchers emphasized poultry waste as abundant, cheap, and high-quality feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, in the current study, an experimental investigation of biodiesel production from wasted chicken skin through the transesterification process has been performed. The chicken skin used in this study for biodiesel production can be used as the potential waste source for biodiesel production worldwide. Techno-economic, environmental, and sustainability analyses were also performed. During the synthesis, the reaction was conducted with potassium hydroxide (KOH), and the process yielded 48% biodiesel. The cost of electricity for providing electricity is estimated at US$0.575 per kWh when an auto-sized generator has been fueled by biodiesel. The environmental and substantiality analysis found that biodiesel is more suitable than conventional diesel as an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

CFL:

Compact fluorescent lamp

E demand :

Total load demand

E ren :

Energy generated from renewable sources per year

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

NI:

Net import of energy

NPC:

Net present cost

PM:

Particulate matter

PV:

Photovoltaic

RF:

Renewable fraction (percentage of total electric load demand covered by energy generated from renewable sources per year)

Rp:

Production of energy in that year

Rt:

Energy resources at the end of the year

SHS:

Solar home system

TPES:

Total primary energy supply

UHC:

Unburned hydrocarbons

References

  • Alptekin E, Canakci M (2011) Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat. Fuel 90:2630–2638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alptekin E, Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Turkcan A, Sanli H (2015) Using waste animal fat based biodiesels–bioethanol–diesel fuel blends in a DI diesel engine. Fuel 157:245–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awaluddin A, Prayitno A, Amri TA (2010) Transesterification of waste chicken fats for synthesizing biodiesel by CaO as heterogeneous base catalyst. Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010). IEEE:1-4

  • Banković-Ilić IB, Stojković IJ, Stamenković OS, Veljkovic VB, Hung Y-T (2014) Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 32:238–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barua P, Chowdhury T, Chowdhury H, Islam R, Hossain N (2020a) Potential of power generation from chicken waste-based biodiesel, economic and environmental analysis: Bangladesh’s perspective. SN Appl Sci 2:330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barua P, Hossain N, Chowdhury T, Chowdhury H (2020b) Commercial diesel application scenario and potential of alternative biodiesel from waste chicken skin in Bangladesh. Environ Technol Innov 20:101139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben Hassen-Trabelsi A, Kraiem T, Naoui S, Belayouni H (2014) Pyrolysis of waste animal fats in a fixed-bed reactor: production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char. Waste Manag 34:210–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bharat T, Bhattacharya A (2012) The production and analysis of biodiesel from waste chicken skin and pork skin fat and a comparison of fuel properties to petroleum derived diesel fuel. Int J Eng Res Dev 2:8–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellanos JG, Walker M, Poggio D, Pourkashanian M, Nimmo W (2015) Modelling an off-grid integrated renewable energy system for rural electrification in India using photovoltaics and anaerobic digestion. Renew Energy 74:390–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty R, Sahu H (2014) Intensification of biodiesel production from waste goat tallow using infrared radiation: process evaluation through response surface methodology and artificial neural network. Appl Energy 114:827–836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty R, Gupta AK, Chowdhury R (2014) Conversion of slaughterhouse and poultry farm animal fats and wastes to biodiesel: parametric sensitivity and fuel quality assessment. Renew Sust Energ Rev 29:120–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheli F, Gallo R, Battaglia D, Dell’Orto V (2013) EU legislation on feed related issues: an update. Ital J Anim Sci 12:e4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury D, Mohammad N, Haque M, Hossain D (2014) Develo** 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) strategy for waste management in the urban areas of Bangladesh: socioeconomic and climate adoption mitigation option. IOSR J Environ Sci, Toxic Food Technol 8:9–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury T, Chowdhuy H, Chowdhury P, Miskata MI (2018) Feasibility study of hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of Kutubdia. International conference on mechanical, industrial and energy engineering (ICMIEE):1-4

  • da Cunha ME, Krause LC, Moraes MSA, Faccini CS, Jacques RA, Almeida SR, Rodrigues MRA, Caramão EB (2009) Beef tallow biodiesel produced in a pilot scale. Fuel Process Technol 90:570–575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das BK, Zaman F (2019) Performance analysis of a PV/Diesel hybrid system for a remote area in Bangladesh: effects of dispatch strategies, batteries, and generator selection. Energy 169:263–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das BK, Hoque N, Mandal S, Pal TK, Raihan MA (2017) A techno-economic feasibility of a stand-alone hybrid power generation for remote area application in Bangladesh. Energy 134:775–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Boushy A, Van der Poel AF (2013) Handbook of poultry feed from waste: processing and use. Springer Science & Business Media

  • Fadhil AB, Ali LH (2013) Alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of Silurus triostegus Heckel fish oil: optimization of transesterification parameters. Renew Energy 60:481–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farmani J, Rostammiri L (2014) Characterization of chicken waste fat for application in food technology. J Food Meas Charact 9:143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halabi LM, Mekhilef S, Olatomiwa L, Hazelton J (2017) Performance analysis of hybrid PV/diesel/battery system using HOMER: a case study Sabah, Malaysia. Energy Convers Manag 144:322–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Mahlia TMI (2019) Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 39:835–859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Saidur R (2019a) Latest development in microalgae-biofuel production with nano-additives. Biotechnol Biofuels 12:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Zaini J, Saidur R (2019b) Techno-economics and sensitivity analysis of microalgae as commercial feedstock for bioethanol production. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 38:13157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Zaini J, Indra Mahlia TM (2019c) Life cycle assessment, energy balance and sensitivity analysis of bioethanol production from microalgae in a tropical country. Renew Sust Energ Rev 115:109371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Zaini J, Mahlia T, Azad AK (2019d) Elemental, morphological and thermal analysis of mixed microalgae species from drain water. Renew Energy 131:617–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain N, Hasan MH, Mahlia TMI, Shamsuddin AH, Silitonga AS (2020) Feasibility of microalgae as feedstock for alternative fuel in Malaysia: a review. Energy Strat Rev 32:100536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izah SC, Ohimain EI (2013) The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria. Green J Biol Sci 3:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Zhou D, Zheng Y (2018) Techno-economic comparative study of grid-connected PV power systems in five climate zones, China. Energy 165:1352–1369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma F, Clements L, Hanna M (1998) The effects of catalyst, free fatty acids, and water on transesterification of beef tallow. Transac ASAE 41:1261–1264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahlia TMI, Ismail N, Hossain N, Silitonga AS, Shamsuddin AH (2019) Palm oil and its wastes as bioenergy sources: a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:14849–14866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maidin RA (2014) Extraction and characterization of gelatine from chicken skin, UMP

  • Mandal S, Das BK, Hoque N (2018) Optimum sizing of a stand-alone hybrid energy system for rural electrification in Bangladesh. J Clean Prod 200:12–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mata TM, Cardoso N, Ornealas M, Neves S, Caetano NS (2010) Sustainable production of biodiesel from tallow, lard and poultry fat and its quality evaluation. Chem Eng Trans 19:13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Mata TM, Cardoso N, Ornelas M, Neves S, Caetano NS (2011) Evaluation of two purification methods of biodiesel from beef tallow, pork lard, and chicken fat. Energy Fuel 25:4756–4762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Méndez-Lagunas LL, Siles-Alvarado S, Rodríguez-Ramírez J, Aquino-González LA (2015) Fatty acid profile composition of chicken skin. Int J Chem Biomol Sci 1:193–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohadesi M, Aghel B, Maleki M, Ansari A (2020) Study of the transesterification of waste cooking oil for the production of biodiesel in a microreactor pilot: The effect of acetone as the co-solvent. Fuel 273:117736

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moogi S, Nakka L, Potharaju SSP, Ahmed A, Farooq A, Jung S-C, Rhee GH, Park Y-K (2020) Copper promoted Co/MgO: a stable and efficient catalyst for glycerol steam reforming. Int J Hydrog Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.190

  • Myat L (2018) The Rohingya Refugee Crisis: Social, Economic And Environmental Implications For The Local Community In Bangladesh, Flinders University, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences.

  • Nelson RG, Schrock MD (2006) Energetic and economic feasibility associated with the production, processing, and conversion of beef tallow to a substitute diesel fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 30:584–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker S (2013) Biodiesel transesterification byproducts as soil amendments. Theses and Dissertations 685. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/685

  • Purandaradas A, Silambarasan T, Murugan K, Babujanarthanam R, Gandhi AD, Dhandapani KV, Anbumani D, Kavitha P (2018) Development and quantification of biodiesel production from chicken feather meal as a cost-effective feedstock by using green technology. Biochem Biophys Rep 14:133–139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Razmjoo A, Sumper A, Marzband M, Davarpanah A, Shahhoseini A, Sarlak S (2019) Energy sustainability analyses using feasible indicators for urban areas. Int J Energy Water Res 3:127–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rofiqul Islam M, Rabiul Islam M, Rafiqul Alam Beg M (2008) Renewable energy resources and technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renew Sust Energ Rev 12:299–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saifullah A, Karim MA, Karim MR (2016) Wind energy potential in Bangladesh. Am J Eng Res 5:85–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Sander A, Košćak MA, Kosir D, Milosavljević N, Vuković JP, Magić L (2018) The influence of animal fat type and purification conditions on biodiesel quality. Renew Energy 118:752–760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seffati K, Esmaeili H, Honarvar B, Esfandiari N (2020) AC/CuFe2O4@CaO as a novel nanocatalyst to produce biodiesel from chicken fat. Renew Energy 147:25–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shams S, Sahu J, Rahman SM, Ahsan A (2017) Sustainable waste management policy in Bangladesh for reduction of greenhouse gas. Sustain Cities Soc 33:18–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shay EG (1993) Diesel fuel from vegetable oils: status and opportunities. Biomass Bioenergy 4:227–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira LS, Couto MB, Souza GS, Andrade Filho M, Assis JC, Guimarães PR, Pontes LA, Almeida SQ, Teixeira JS (2010) Characterization of beef tallow biodiesel and their mixtures with soybean biodiesel and mineral diesel fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 34:438–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tubiello FN (2017) Environment Statistics, statistics division. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United States. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GT/metadata

  • Yahyaee R, Ghobadian B, Najafi G (2013) Waste fish oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel in Iran. Renew Sust Energ Rev 17:312–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology’s Mechanical and Chemistry department for providing the necessary equipment in order to finish the work. We would also like to thank Dr. Arafat Rahman Rana, Assistant Professor of Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, for providing laboratory facilities. The author would also like to acknowledge the support from King Fahd University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh

    Hemal Chowdhury & Bodius Salam

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh

    Pranta Barua, Tamal Chowdhury & Rabiul Islam

  3. School of Engineering, RMIT University, 128 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia

    Nazia Hossain

  4. King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Sadiq Mohammed Sait

Authors
  1. Hemal Chowdhury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pranta Barua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tamal Chowdhury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nazia Hossain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rabiul Islam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sadiq Mohammed Sait
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bodius Salam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HC conceptualized and designed the project and wrote the original draft; PB carried out experimental analysis; TC performed software analysis and validated the results and wrote-revised draft; NH reviewed and edited the paper; RI supervised the project and helped during revision; SMS proofread and edited the paper; BS supervised the project and managed lab facilities. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nazia Hossain.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chowdhury, H., Barua, P., Chowdhury, T. et al. Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken skin waste: an economic and environmental biofuel feedstock in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 37679–37688 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13424-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13424-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation