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Amelioration of toxicopathological effects of cadmium with silymarin and milk thistle in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

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Abstract

Cadmium is an important widely distributed heavy metal in the environment due to its several industrial uses, while milk thistle is an important herb and is a source of several antioxidant particularly silymarin which is a pharmacological active substance present in seeds of milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). The current study investigated pathological effects of cadmium (Cd) and their amelioration with silymarin (SL) and milk thistle (MT) quails. A total of 144 quails were equally divided into 9 groups and given different combinations of cadmium chloride (150 and 300 mg/kg feed), SL (250 mg/kg), and MT (10 g/kg) feed. Parameters studied were clinical signs, mortality, organ weights, testes weight and volume, and gross and microscopic pathology. Results of this study indicated an increased mortality and reduced body weight in cadmium-treated quails. Quails were dull, depressed compared with control. Swollen hemorrhagic liver along with atrophied testes were also observed in these groups. No active spermatozoa were observed in lumen of seminiferous tubules of Cd-treated birds presenting arrest of spermatogenesis. Supplementing MT and SL ameliorated mortality, organ weights, spermatogenesis, and histopathological lesions. It may be concluded that MT and SL proved beneficial in cadmium-induced toxicities in Japanese quails.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Muhammad Waseem Tahir & Muhammad Tariq Javed

  2. Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Rao Zahid Abbas

  3. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Masood Akhtar & Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti

  4. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Aamir Ali

  5. National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Zahida Fatima

  6. Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zubair

  7. Department of Pathology, Chulistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Zahoor Ul Hassan

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  1. Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
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  2. Muhammad Waseem Tahir
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  7. Zahida Fatima
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  8. Muhammad Zubair
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  9. Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
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Correspondence to Muhammad Kashif Saleemi.

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Saleemi, M.K., Tahir, M.W., Abbas, R.Z. et al. Amelioration of toxicopathological effects of cadmium with silymarin and milk thistle in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 21371–21380 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05385-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05385-7

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