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Attenuation of utero-toxicity, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation by soy protein concentrate in rats exposed to fluoridated water: consequence of hyperlipidemia in parallel with hypohomocysteinemia

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Abstract

Lipid peroxidation and ROS generation are the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity, and its detrimental effects on human reproduction are noted drastically. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the defensive effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced uterine dysfunction at biochemical and histological level. Rats were randomly distributed into four groups as control, NaF-treated (200 ppm), and SPC co-administered groups (20 mg and 40 mg/ 100 g body weight) for 16 days. SPC reversed the toxic effects of NaF. SPC significantly ameliorated the NaF-induced alterations of the antioxidant system in the uterus by decreasing lipid peroxidation products and by increasing antioxidant activities. SPC significantly counteracted the adverse effects of NaF on serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Our results also explored that lipid profile was meaningfully altered due to NaF and also focused a diminution of circulating homocysteine (Hcy) and altered lipid profiles along with a diminished quantity of serum B12 and B9. However, both the doses of SPC reverted back serum levels of B12, B9, and Hcy status in similar fashion along with its corrective action on lipid profile. NaF-treated group exhibited a marked degree of reduction in the weights of ovary and uterus with an alteration of normal tissue histology and significant diminution in serum estradiol (ES) levels without fluctuating uterine estradiol receptor-α (ER-α). However, SPC restored the normal tissue histoarchitecture and also increased the functional efficiency and expression of the ER-α receptor by overturning the ES levels in NaF-treated rats. Moreover, both the doses of SPC were effective against NaF-induced alterations, although 40 mg SPC/100 g body weight had better efficacy in ameliorating the NaF-induced adverse effects on the uterus and ovary.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

CD:

Conjugated dienes

ES:

Estradiol

ER-α:

Estradiol receptor-α

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

Hcy:

Homocysteine

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NaF:

Sodium fluoride

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NPSH:

Non-protein soluble thiol

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SGOT:

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

SGPT:

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPC:

Soy protein concentrate

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Funding

This research was partially supported by a grant from UGC NET-JRF (Award Letter No. F.15-9(JULY 2016)/2016(NET) and UGC Ref. No.: 1111/(NET-JULY 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India

    Lipirani Jana, Pikash Pratim Maity, Hasina Perveen, Moumita Dash, Suryashis Jana, Arindam Dey & Sandip Chattopadhyay

  2. Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India

    Subrata Kumar De

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  1. Lipirani Jana
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Correspondence to Sandip Chattopadhyay.

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Jana, L., Maity, P.P., Perveen, H. et al. Attenuation of utero-toxicity, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation by soy protein concentrate in rats exposed to fluoridated water: consequence of hyperlipidemia in parallel with hypohomocysteinemia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 36462–36473 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3542-5

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