Abstract
In recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has been augmented as a global concern to public health owing to the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains from different ESKAPE pathogens. This alarming trend and the lack of new antibiotics with novel modes of action in the pipeline necessitate the development of non-antibiotic ways to treat illnesses caused by these isolates. In molecular biology, computational approaches have become crucial tools, particularly in one of the most challenging areas of multidrug resistance. The rapid advancements in bioinformatics have led to a plethora of computational approaches involving genomics, systems biology, and structural biology currently gaining momentum among molecular biologists since they can be useful and provide valuable information on the complex mechanisms of AMR research in ESKAPE pathogens. These computational approaches would be helpful in elucidating the AMR mechanisms, identifying important hub genes/proteins, and their promising targets together with their interactions with important drug targets, which is a crucial step in drug discovery. Therefore, the present review aims to provide holistic information on currently employed bioinformatic tools and their application in the discovery of multifunctional novel therapeutic drugs to combat the current problem of AMR in ESKAPE pathogens. The review also summarizes the recent advancement in the AMR research in ESKAPE pathogens utilizing the in silico approaches.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Government of India agency, for the research grant (IRIS ID: 2020 − 0690). The authors would like to thank the Management of VIT, Vellore for the technical support. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Miryala SK (Post Doctoral Fellow, IIT Bombay, Mumbai), Mr. Soumya Basu, Mr. Aniket Naha and Mr. Hithesh Kumar C.K. (ICMR-Research Assistant) for genomics and structural biology inputs; and Ms. Gayathri Ashok (Teaching cum Research Assistant, VIT, Vellore) for the systems biology inputs. The authors are grateful to english language expert Ms. Lydia Ann Vinod (VIT, Vellore) for hel** us in the language check. Reetika Debroy would like to thank ICMR, New Delhi for her Senior Research Fellowship (ID: 2021-10632).
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Government of India agency, for the research grant (IRIS ID: 2020 − 0690).
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Study conceptualization and funding requisition were performed by Sudha Ramaiah. Anand Anbarasu critically analysed and designed the study. Priyamvada and Reetika Debroy performed the literature search and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Priyamvada, P., Debroy, R., Anbarasu, A. et al. A comprehensive review on genomics, systems biology and structural biology approaches for combating antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens: computational tools and recent advancements. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03343-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03343-z