Abstract
Meteorological data are key variables for hydrologists to simulate the rainfall-runoff process using hydrological models. The collection of meteorological variables is sophisticated, especially in arid and semi-arid climates where observed time series are often scarce. Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Data have been used to validate and evaluate hydrological modeling throughout the world. This paper presents a comprehensive application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic simulator, incorporating CFSR daily rainfall-runoff data at the Roodan study site in southern Iran. The developed SWAT model including CFSR data (CFSR model) was calibrated using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting 2 algorithm (SUFI-2). To validate the model, the calibrated SWAT model (CFSR model) was compared with the observed daily rainfall-runoff data. To have a better assessment, terrestrial meteorological gauge stations were incorporated with the SWAT model (Terrestrial model). Visualization of the simulated flows showed that both CFSR and terrestrial models have satisfactory correlations with the observed data. However, the CFSR model generated better estimates regarding the simulation of low flows (near zero). The results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the CFSR model predicted the validation period more efficiently. This might be related with better prediction of low flows and closer distribution to observed flows. The Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient provided good- and fair-quality modeling for calibration and validation periods for both models. Overall, it can be concluded that CFSR data might be promising for use in the development of hydrological simulations in arid climates, such as southern Iran, where there are shortages of data and a lack of accessibility to the data.
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Acknowledgments
We are thankful to all members of the consulting engineers of Ab Rah Saz Shargh Corporation in Iran and the Regional Water Organization, Agricultural Organization and Natural Resources Organization of Hormozgan Province, Iran. We also acknowledge Dr. Philip Gassman at the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, for introduction of the SWAT model.
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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The related form has been signed by corresponding author (Milad Jajarmizadeh) and it is attached in attached files system.
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Jajarmizadeh, M., Sidek, L.M., Mirzai, M. et al. Prediction of Surface Flow by Forcing of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Data. Water Resour Manage 30, 2627–2640 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1303-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1303-0