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Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Bisphenol-A Using Expanded Graphene-Polypyrrole-Magnetite Nanocomposite

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Abstract

This work is focused on the synthesis of expanded graphene (EG), polypyrrole-magnetite (PPy/Fe3O4) and expanded graphene-polypyrrole-magnetite nanocomposite (EG-PPy/Fe3O4) electrodes and their application in the degradation of organic pollutants in water. The nanocomposites were synthesized through the co-precipitation method and characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyser, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. The EG, PPy/Fe3O4 and EG-PPy/Fe3O4 electrodes were applied in a comparative photoelectrochemical degradation of 0.1 × 10−4 M methylene blue (MB) dye and bisphenol A (BPA) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 under visible light irradiation. The degradation was also performed through photolysis, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes. The results showed that the pure PPy and EG-PPy/Fe3O4 were present in the Anatase phase of PPy. The EG-PPy/Fe3O4 composite absorbed a noticeable amount of light in the entire visible light region compared to pure PPy and PPy/Fe3O4. The surface area and pore volume of pure PPy was observed to decrease after modification with the EG as a result of the interpenetration of the porous matrix of EG by the PPy nanoparticles. The EG-PPy/Fe3O4 electrode was the most effective in the degradation of both dyes. The order of efficiency was EG < PPy/Fe3O4 < EG-PPy/Fe3O4. The photoelectrochemical degradation process resulted in improved degradation efficiency of 92% (MB) and 88% (BPA) within 240 min and was observed to be greater than that of photolysis and electrochemical oxidation methods. The EG-PPy/Fe3O4 photoanode is regarded as an effective material for the degradation of MB and BPA in wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the Faculty of Science/PDRF, Department of Chemical Sciences Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research and the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, for their financial support. We also acknowledge DST-CSIR and CENAM, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa for making their instruments available for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DST-CSIR National Center for Nanostructured Materials Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Onoyivwe Monday Ama

  2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa

    Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe & Otolorin Adelaja Osibote

  3. CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana

    William Wilson Anku

  4. University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India

    Kaushik Pal

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  1. Onoyivwe Monday Ama
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Correspondence to Uyiosa Osagie Aigbe.

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Ama, O.M., Aigbe, U.O., Anku, W.W. et al. Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Bisphenol-A Using Expanded Graphene-Polypyrrole-Magnetite Nanocomposite. Top Catal 65, 1745–1754 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-022-01626-1

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