Abstract
As the largest virialized structures in the universe, galaxy clusters continue to grow and accrete matter from the cosmic web. Due to the low gas density in the outskirts of clusters, measurements are very challenging, requiring extremely sensitive telescopes across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Observations using X-rays, the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, and weak lensing and galaxy distributions from the optical band, have over the last decade helped to unravel this exciting new frontier of cluster astrophysics, where the infall and virialization of matter takes place. Here, we review the current state of the art in our observational and theoretical understanding of cluster outskirts, and discuss future prospects for exploration using newly planned and proposed observatories.
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Notes
A detailed discussion of hydrostatic mass reconstruction techniques and the corresponding systematics and biases is described in another review of this series (Pratt et al.).
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Acknowledgements
S.W. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by the Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. A.S. gratefully acknowledges support by the Women In Science Excel (WISE) programme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). D.N. acknowledges Yale University for granting a triennial leave and the Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik for hospitality when this work was completed. N.O. was supported by the Funds for the Development of Human Resources in Science and Technology under MEXT, Japan and Core Research for Energetic Universe in Hiroshima University (the MEXT program for promoting the enhancement of research universities, Japan). T.M. is supported for scientific activities by ESO’s Directorate for Science. H.A. acknowledges the support of NWO via a Veni grant. S.E. acknowledges financial contribution from the contracts NARO15 ASI-INAF I/037/12/0, ASI 2015-046-R.0 and ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. SRON is supported financially by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
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Clusters of Galaxies: Physics and Cosmology
Edited by Andrei Bykov, Jelle Kaastra, Marcus Brüggen, Maxim Markevitch, Maurizio Falanga and Frederik Bernard Stefan Paerels
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Walker, S., Simionescu, A., Nagai, D. et al. The Physics of Galaxy Cluster Outskirts. Space Sci Rev 215, 7 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0572-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0572-8