Abstract
The intramolecular cyclization of 2-(δ-chlorobutylamino)benzimidazole (3c) follows the unusual pathway involving the predominant attack on the exocyclic amino group rather than on the much more nucleophilic endocyclic nitrogen atom. This reaction affords 2-pyrrolidinobenzimidazole and 1(11)H-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,3]diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole as the major product and the by-product, respectively. The cyclization can be directed exclusively toward the annulation of the diazepine ring only after the acetylation of the amino group of compound 3c. According to the quantum chemical calculations, the unusual regioselectivity of the cyclization of chloramine 3c is associated primarily with a substantially less steric strain and the higher entropy of pyrrolidine transition states compared to diazepine transition states.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Ishikawa, A. Kosasayama, S. Nakamura, and T. Konno, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1978, 26, 3658.
A. Kosasayama, Y. Watanabe, K. Yigashi, and F. Ishikawa, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1979, 27, 831.
A. Kosasayama, T. Konno, K. Higashi, and F. Ishikawa, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1979, 27, 841.
A. Kosasayama, T. Konno, K. Higashi, and F. Ishikawa, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1979, 27, 848.
A. C. White and R. M. Black, Brit. Pat. 1476949 (1977); http://v3.espacenet.com.
V. A. Anisimova, M. V. Levchenko, T. B. Korochina, A. A. Spasov, S. G. Kovalev, and G. P. Dudchenko, Fr. Pat. 2691462 (1995); http://v3.espacenet.com.
G. V. Kovalev, A. A. Spasov, V. A. Anisimova, T. P. Vdovina, S. G. Kovalev, M. I. Balabolkin, T. T. Mamaeva, G. P. Dudchenko, and M. V. Levchenko, Pat. RF 2061481; Byul. izobret. [Invention Bull.], 1996, No. 20 (in Russian).
D. Rousselle, T. Ryckmans, and H. G. Viehe, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 5249.
F. Esser and K.-H. Pook, Synthesis, 1992, 596.
F. Pozharskii, V. A. Anisimova, and E. B. Tsupak, Prakticheskie raboty po khimii geterotsiklov [Laboratory Manual on Chemistry of Heterocycles], Izd-vo Rostovskogo Univ., Rostov-on-Don, 1988, p. 124 (in Russian).
V. A. Anisimova and M. M. Osipova, Tez. dokl. Mezhinstitutskogo kollokviuma “Khimiya azotistykh geterotsiklov” [Abstrs of Papers, Interinstitute Colloquium “Chemistry of Nitrogen Heterocycles”], Chernogolovka, 1995, 54 (in Russian).
A. M. Simonov and V. A. Anisimova, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 1979, 867 [Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 1979, 15, 705 (Engl. Transl)].
R. Rastogi and S. Sharma, Synthesis, 1983, 861.
K. B. Wiberg, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1986, 25, 312.
H. Graubaum, D. Martin, C. Csunderlik, H.-H. Glatt, R. Bacaloglu, and M. Malurea-Munteanu, Z. Chem., 1984, 24, 57.
J. R. E. Hoover and R. J. Stedman, US Pat. 3399212 (1968); http://v3.espacenet.com.
B. I. Khristich, G. M. Suvorova, and A. M. Simonov, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 1974, 1398 [Chem. Heterocycl. Compd., 1974, 10, 1225 (Engl. Transl.)].
D. Martin and H. Graubaum, J. Prakt. Chem., 1979, 321, 379.
C. J. Paget and J. L. Sandset, US Pat. 4153709 (1979); http://v3.espacenet.com.
V. A. Anisimova, M. M. Osipova, T. A. Kuzmenko, D.-H. Caignard, P. Renard, and D. Manechez, Fr. Pat. 2765223 (1998); http://v3.espacenet.com.
A. V. Nemukhin, B. L. Grigorenko, and A. A. Granovskii, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. Khim., 2004, 45, 75 [Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. Khim., 2004, 45 (Engl. Transl.)].
W. Schmidt, K. K. Baldridge, J. A. Boatz, S. T. Elbert, M. S. Gordon, J. H. Jensen, S. Koseki, N. Matsunaga, K. A. Nguyen, S. J. Su, T. L. Windus, M. Dupuis, and J. A. Montgomery, J. Comput. Chem., 1993, 14, 1347.
K. K. Irikura, R. D. Johnson, III, and R. N. Kacker, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2005, 109, 8430.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2237–2243, November, 2007.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anisimova, V.A., Kuz’menko, V.V., Kuz’menko, T.A. et al. Synthesis of 1(11)H-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,3]diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole starting from benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid. Intramolecular cyclization of 2-(δ-chlorobutylamino)benzimidazole. Russ Chem Bull 56, 2315–2322 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-007-0366-8
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-007-0366-8