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Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the EORTC chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy questionnaire (QLQ-CIPN20)

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the scale structure and psychometrics of the EORTC chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy module (QLQ-CIPN20).

Methods

Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), we tested two hypothesized scale structure models of the QLQ-CIPN20 in 473 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 281 patients with heterogeneous cancer diagnoses, and 500 patients with colorectal cancer. We also modeled the two hypothesized models as bi-factor models. These included a general factor, in addition to the specific domain factors. Additional models were investigated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Known groups validity was evaluated where justified.

Results

CFA could not confirm the two hypothesized models (Model 1: CFI < 0.926; TLI < 0.914; RMSEA > 0.077 and Model 2: CFI < 0.906; TLI < 0.887; RMSEA > 0.105) in any of the three samples. Including a general factor to these two hypothesized models to produce a bi-factor model also did not yield satisfactory results. Using EFA, we identified four different factor structures in the three samples that were unstable due to cross loadings of the items. When scoring the QLQ-CIPN20 as a simple, additive checklist evidence was found for known groups validity in the first two samples based on Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC-AE), and in the third sample based on exposure to CIPN-inducing chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Neither CFA nor EFA yielded support for a stable subscale structure for the QLQ-CIPN20. Scoring the questionnaire as a simple additive checklist results in acceptable validity.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to the many individuals who provided the data used in these analyses, to Chad Gundy (deceased) who played a key role in the development of the QLQ-CIPN20 module, to BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals for providing non-proprietary CIPN and clinical data, and to Inc. Schering-Plough International that provided initial support during the developmental phase of the QLQ-CIPN20.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jacobien M. Kieffer, Lonneke van de Poll-Franse & Neil K. Aaronson

  2. Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Tjeerd J. Postma & Jan J. Heimans

  3. Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Lonneke van de Poll-Franse & Floortje Mols

  4. Department of Medical Psychology, The Center for Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Lonneke van de Poll-Franse & Floortje Mols

  5. Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

    Guido Cavaletti

Authors
  1. Jacobien M. Kieffer
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  2. Tjeerd J. Postma
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  3. Lonneke van de Poll-Franse
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  4. Floortje Mols
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  5. Jan J. Heimans
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  6. Guido Cavaletti
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  7. Neil K. Aaronson
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Consortia

In Collaboration with the CI-PeriNomS Group

  • G. Cavaletti
  • , D. R. Cornblath
  • , I. S. J. Merkies
  • , T. J. Postma
  • , M. G. Valsecchi
  • , S. Galimberti
  • , E. Rossi
  • , G. Cavaletti
  • , B. Frigeni
  • , F. Lanzani
  • , L. Mattavelli
  • , M. L. Piatti
  • , P. Alberti
  • , D. Binda
  • , P. Bidoli
  • , M. Cazzaniga
  • , D. Cortinovis
  • , J. Bruna
  • , R. Velasco
  • , A. A. Argyriou
  • , H. P. Kalofonos
  • , D. Psimaras
  • , D. Ricard
  • , A. Pace
  • , E. Galiè
  • , C. Briani
  • , M. Lucchetta
  • , M. Campagnolo
  • , C. Dalla Torre
  • , C. G. Faber
  • , I. S. J. Merkies
  • , E. K. Vanhoutte
  • , M. Bakkers
  • , B. Brouwer
  • , M. Boogerd
  • , R. I. Lalisang
  • , W. Boogerd
  • , D. Brandsma
  • , S. Koeppen
  • , J. Hense
  • , R. Grant
  • , D. Storey
  • , S. Kerrigan
  • , A. Schenone
  • , L. Reni
  • , B. Piras
  • , S. Fabbri
  • , A. Pessino
  • , L. Padua
  • , G. Granata
  • , M. Leandri
  • , I. Ghignotti
  • , R. Plasmati
  • , F. Pastorelli
  • , T. J. Postma
  • , J. J. Heimans
  • , M. Eurelings
  • , R. J. Meijer
  • , W. Grisold
  • , E. Lindeck Pozza
  • , A. Mazzeo
  • , A. Toscano
  • , M. Russo
  • , C. Tomasello
  • , G. Altavilla
  • , M. Penas Prado
  • , C. Dominguez Gonzalez
  •  & S. G. Dorsey

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacobien M. Kieffer.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

JM Kieffer, TJ Postma, L van de Poll-Franse, F Mols, JJ Heimans, G Cavaletti, and NK Aaronson declare not to have any commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with this manuscript. BioNumerik provided us with access to non-proprietary data and had no influence on the conduct of the analyses or interpretation of the results.

Humans and animal rights

This study involved secondary data analyses where all data were de-identified to ensure the anonymity of the patients.

Informed consent

Informed consent was not required as all analyses were secondary in nature and were performed on de-identified data.

Additional information

Jacobien M. Kieffer and Tjeerd J. Postma—Shared first authorship.

Collaborators of the CI-PeriNomS Groups are listed in “Appendix”.

Appendix—The CI-PeriNomS study group

Appendix—The CI-PeriNomS study group

Steering Committee

  • G. Cavaletti, Department of Neurosciences and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;

  • D.R. Cornblath, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;

  • I.S.J. Merkies, Department of Neurology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp & Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and

  • T.J. Postma, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Statistical analysis

  • M.G Valsecchi, S. Galimberti, E. Rossi, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistic Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy

Participating centers and researchers

  • Department of Neurosciences and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca and Department of Oncology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy (Cavaletti G, Frigeni B, Lanzani F, Mattavelli L, Piatti ML, Alberti P, Binda D, Bidoli P., Cazzaniga M, Cortinovis D)

  • Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Spain. (Bruna J, Velasco R)

  • Division of Clinical Oncology-Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece (Argyriou AA, Kalofonos HP)

  • Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (Psimaras D)

  • Service de Neurologie, Hôpital du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France (Ricard D)

  • Neurology Unit, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy (Pace A, Galiè E)

  • Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (Briani C, Lucchetta M, Campagnolo M, Dalla Torre C)

  • Department of Neurology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp/Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (Faber CG, Merkies ISJ, Vanhoutte EK, Bakkers M, Brouwer B, Boogerd M)

  • Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands (Lalisang RI)

  • Department of Neuro-oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Boogerd W, Brandsma D)

  • Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Germany (Koeppen S)

  • West German Cancer Center, University of Essen, Germany (Hense J)

  • Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology and Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK (Grant R, Storey D, Kerrigan S)

  • Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetic, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (Schenone A, Reni L, Piras B)

  • Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy (Fabbri S)

  • Medical Oncology Division, University Hospital San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy (Pessino A)

  • Department of Neurosciences Cattolica University, Rome, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Italy (Padua L, Granata G)

  • Interuniversity Centre for Pain Neurophysiology at the University of Genova (Leandri M, Ghignotti I)

  • I.R.C.C.S. of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy (Plasmati R., Pastorelli F)

  • Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Postma TJ, Heimans JJ).

  • Department of Neurology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands (Eurelings M, Meijer RJ)

  • Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria (Grisold W, Lindeck Pozza E)

  • Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, AOU “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy (Mazzeo A, Toscano A, Russo M)

  • Department of Medical Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (Tomasello C, Altavilla G)

  • Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (Penas Prado M, Dominguez Gonzalez C)

  • University of Maryland School of Nursing and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA (Dorsey SG)

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Kieffer, J.M., Postma, T.J., van de Poll-Franse, L. et al. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the EORTC chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy questionnaire (QLQ-CIPN20). Qual Life Res 26, 2999–3010 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1626-1

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