Abstract
This paper considers a number of structural properties of reflected Lévy processes, where both one-sided reflection (at 0) and two-sided reflection (at both 0 and K>0) are examined. With V t being the position of the reflected process at time t, we focus on the analysis of \(\zeta(t):=\mathbb{E}V_{t}\) and \(\xi(t):=\mathbb{V}\mathrm{ar}V_{t}\) . We prove that for the one- and two-sided reflection, ζ(t) is increasing and concave, whereas for the one-sided reflection, ξ(t) is increasing. In most proofs we first establish the claim for the discrete-time counterpart (that is, a reflected random walk), and then use a limiting argument. A key step in our proofs for the two-sided reflection is a new representation of the position of the reflected process in terms of the driving Lévy process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen, L.N., Asmussen, S.: Loss rate asymptotics. Available from http://home.imf.au.dk/larsa/loss/loss.pdf (2008)
Asmussen, S.: Applied Probability and Queues, 2nd edn. Applications of Mathematics (New York), vol. 51. Springer, New York (2003)
Bernstein, S.: Sur les fonctions absolument monotones. Acta Math. 52, 1–66 (1929)
Bertoin, J.: Lévy Processes. Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 121. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996)
Billingsley, P.: Convergence of Probability Measures. Wiley, New York (1968)
Feller, W.: An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (1971)
Kella, O.: Concavity and reflected Lévy processes. J. Appl. Probab. 29, 209–215 (1992)
Kella, O., Sverchkov, M.: On concavity of the mean function and stochastic ordering for reflected processes with stationary increments. J. Appl. Probab. 31, 1140–1142 (1994)
Kella, O., Boxma, O., Mandjes, M.: A Lévy process reflected at a Poisson age process. J. Appl. Probab. 43, 221–230 (2006)
Kruk, L., Lehoczky, J., Ramanan, K., Shreve, S.: Double Skorokhod map and reneging real-time queues. Available from http://www.math.cmu.edu/users/shreve/DoubleSkorokhod.pdf (2006)
Kruk, L., Lehoczky, J., Ramanan, K., Shreve, S.: An explicit formula for the Skorokhod map on [0,a]. Ann. Probab. 35(5), 1740–1768 (2007)
Lehmann, E.L.: Some concepts of dependence. Ann. Math. Stat. 37, 1137–1153 (1966)
Ott, T.: The covariance function of the virtual waiting-time process in an M/G/1 queue. Adv. Appl. Probab. 9, 158–168 (1977)
Phatarfod, R.M., Speed, T.P., Walker, A.M.: A note on random walks. J. Appl. Probab. 8, 198–201 (1971)
Tanaka, H.: Stochastic differential equations with reflecting boundary condition in convex regions. Hiroshima Math. J. 9(1), 163–177 (1979)
Whitt, W.: Stochastic-Process Limits. Springer Series in Operations Research. Springer, New York (2002). An introduction to stochastic-process limits and their application to queues
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Part of this work was done while both authors were at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andersen, L.N., Mandjes, M. Structural properties of reflected Lévy processes. Queueing Syst 63, 301 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11134-009-9116-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11134-009-9116-y
Keywords
- Complete monotonicity
- Lévy processes
- One/Two-sided reflection
- Mean function
- Variance function
- Stationary increments
- Concordance