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Influence of low temperatures on the growth and photosynthetic activity of industrial chicory, Cichorium intybus L. partim

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

The cold stress effect on early vigour and photosynthesis efficiency was evaluated for five industrial chicory varieties with contrasting early vigour. The relationships between the growth and physiological parameters were assessed. The varieties were examined at three growth temperatures: 16 (reference), 8 (intermediate) and 4 °C (stress). The effect was measured using physiological processes (growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence), and pigment content. The analysis of the measured growth parameters (dry leaf and root mass, and leaf area) indicated that temperature had a significant effect on the varieties, but the overall reaction of the varieties was similar with lowering temperatures. The photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements revealed significant changes for the photosynthesis (maximum net photosynthesis, quantum efficiency, light compensation point and dark respiration) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (photochemical and non-photochemical quenching) with lowering temperatures for Hera and Eva, two extremes in youth growth. No significant differences could be found between the extremes for the different temperatures. The pigment content analysis revealed significant differences at 4 °C in contrast to 16 and 8 °C, especially for the xanthophyll/carotenoid pool, suggesting a protective role. Subsequently, the relationship between the physiological processes was evaluated using principal component analysis. At 4 °C, 2 principal components were detected with high discriminating power for the varieties and similar classification of the varieties as determined in the growth analysis. This provides a preview on the possible relationships between photosynthesis and growth for industrial chicory at low temperatures.

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Abbreviations

AGR:

average growth rate

Cab :

total chlorophyll content

Ca/Cb :

chlorophyll a/b ratio

Cab/Cx+c :

chlorophyll/carotenoid-xanthophyll pool ratio

Chl:

chlorophyll

DM:

dry mass

DML :

dry mass leaves

DMR :

dry mass roots

DMF:

N,N-dimethylformamid

F′m :

maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in the light-adapted state

Fs :

steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence yield level

F′o :

minimum chlorophyll fluorescence yield in the light-adapted state

Fv :

maximum variable chlorophyll fluorescence yield in the dark-adapted state

F′v :

maximum variable chlorophyll fluorescence yield in the light-adapted state

Ic :

light compensation point

LA:

leaf area

NPQ:

non-photochemical quenching

PC:

principal component

PCA:

principal component analysis

P max :

maximum net photosynthesis

P N :

net photosynthesis

PSII:

photosystem II

qN :

nonphotochemical quenching coefficient

qP :

photochemical quenching

R D :

dark respiration

RGR:

relative growth rate

SD:

standard deviation

SLA:

specific leaf area

x+c:

xanthophyll and carotenoid pool

αc :

quantum efficiency

ΦPSII :

quantum yield of photosystem II

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) - Plant, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 109 box 1, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium

    S. Devacht, P. Lootens, I. Roldán-Ruiz, L. Carlier, J. Baert, J. Van Waes & E. Van Bockstaele

  2. Faculty Bioscience Engineering - Plant Production, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

    E. Van Bockstaele

Authors
  1. S. Devacht
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  2. P. Lootens
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  3. I. Roldán-Ruiz
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  4. L. Carlier
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  5. J. Baert
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  6. J. Van Waes
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  7. E. Van Bockstaele
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Devacht.

Additional information

Acknowledgements: The authors thank Laurent Gevaert, Luc Van Gijseghem and Christian Hendrickx for the help with the measurements, cultivation and maintenance of the plants.

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Devacht, S., Lootens, P., Roldán-Ruiz, I. et al. Influence of low temperatures on the growth and photosynthetic activity of industrial chicory, Cichorium intybus L. partim. Photosynthetica 47, 372–380 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-009-0058-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-009-0058-8

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