Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a memristor model and a meminductor model and design the corresponding emulator circuits for imitating their characteristics. By employing the two models, we propose a very simple chaotic circuit that contains only three elements in parallel: a memristor, a meminductor and a linear passive capacitor. The circuit is very simple, but has very abundant dynamical behaviors, including line equilibrium set, bursting, coexisting attractors, transient chaos, transient period and intermittency. Furthermore, we replace the memristor and meminductor with their corresponding emulators in the proposed circuit to make a hardware experiment, which illustrates the validity of the theoretical analysis.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig11_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig12_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig13_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig14_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig15_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig16_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig17_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig18a_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig19_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig20_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig21_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig22_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig23_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig24_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig25_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig26_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig27_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11071-019-04820-1/MediaObjects/11071_2019_4820_Fig28_HTML.jpg)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chua, L.O.: Memristor-the missing circuit element. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18, 507–519 (1971)
Chua, L.O., Kang, S.M.: Memristive devices and systems. Proc. IEEE 64, 209–223 (1976)
Strukov, D.B., Snider, G.S., Stewart, D.R., Williams, R.S.: The missing memristor found. Nature 453, 80–83 (2008)
Biolek, Z., Biolek, D., Biolkova, V.: SPICE model of memristor with nonlinear dopant drift. Radioengineering 18, 210–214 (2009)
Joglekar, Y.N., Wolf, S.J.: The elusive memristor: properties of basic electrical circuits. Eur. J. Phys. 30, 661–675 (2009)
Prodromakis, T., Peh, B.P., Papavassiliou, C., Toumazou, C.: A versatile memristor model with nonlinear dopant kinetics. IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 58, 3099–3105 (2011)
Wen, S.P., **e, X.D., Yan, Z., Huang, T.W., Zeng, Z.G.: General memristor models with applications in multilayer neural networks. Neural Netw. 103, 142–149 (2018)
Kvatinsky, S., Ramadan, M., Friedman, E.G., Kolodny, A.: VTEAM: a general model for voltage-controlled memristors. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 62, 786–790 (2015)
Xu, Q., Lin, Y., Bao, B.C., Chen, M.: Multiple attractors in a non-ideal active voltage-controlled memristor based Chua’s circuit. Chaos Solitons Fractals 83, 186–200 (2016)
Rak, A., Cserey, G.: Macromodeling of the memristor in SPICE. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 29, 632–636 (2010)
Yu, D.S., Sun, T.T., Zheng, C.Y., Iu, H.H.C., Fernando, T.: A simpler memristor emulator based on varactor diode. Chin. Phys. Lett. 35, 058401 (2018)
Sánchez-López, C., Aguila-Cuapio, L.E.: A 860 kHz grounded memristor emulator circuit. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 73, 23–33 (2017)
Di Ventra, M., Pershin, Y.V., Chua, L.O.: Circuit elements with memory: memristors, memcapacitors, and meminductors. Proc. IEEE 97, 1717–1724 (2009)
Wang, G.Y., **, P.P., Wang, X.W., Shen, Y.R., Yuan, F., Wang, X.Y.: A flux-controlled model of meminductor and its application in chaotic oscillator. Chin. Phys. B 25, 090502 (2016)
Liang, Y., Chen, H., Yu, D.S.: A practical implementation of a floating memristor-less meminductor emulator. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 61, 299–303 (2014)
Xu, Y., Jia, Y., Ma, J., Alsaedi, A., Ahmad, B.: Synchronization between neurons coupled by memristor. Chaos Solitons Fractals 104, 435–442 (2017)
Vourkas, I., Sirakoulis, G.C.: Emerging memristor-based logic circuit design approaches: a review. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 16, 15–30 (2016)
Zhang, G., Wu, F.Q., Hayat, T., Ma, J.: Selection of spatial pattern on resonant network of coupled memristor and Josephson junction. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 65, 79–90 (2018)
Zhang, G., Wang, C.N., Alzahrani, F., Wu, F.Q., An, X.L.: Investigation of dynamical behaviors of neurons driven by memristive synapse. Chaos Solitons Fractals 108, 15–24 (2018)
Wen, S.P., Wei, H.Q., Zeng, Z.G., Huang, T.W.: Memristive fully convolutional networks: an accurate hardware image-segmentor in deep learning. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell. 2, 324–334 (2018)
Wen, S.P., **ao, S.X., Yan, Z., Zeng, Z.G., Huang, T.W.: Adjusting learning rate of memristor-based multilayer neural networks via fuzzy method. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Design Integr. Circuits Syst. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2018.2834436
Wen, S.P., Hu, R., Yang, Y., Huang, T.W., Zeng, Z.G., Song, Y.D.: Memristor-based echo state network with online least mean square. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2018.2825021
Itoh, M., Chua, L.O.: Memristor oscillators. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 18, 3183–3206 (2008)
Wang, G.Y., Yuan, F., Chen, G.R., Zhang, Y.: Coexisting multiple attractors and riddled basins of a memristive system. Chaos 28, 013125 (2018)
Yuan, F., Wang, G.Y., **, P.P., Wang, X.Y.: Chaos in a meminductor based circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 26, 1650130 (2016)
Wang, C.H., Liu, X.M., **a, H.: Multi-piecewise quadratic nonlinearity memristor and its 2N-scroll and 2N + 1-scroll chaotic attractors system. Chaos 27, 033114 (2017)
Njitacke, Z.T., Kengne, J., Tapche, R.W., Pelap, F.B.: Uncertain destination dynamics of a novel memristive 4D autonomous system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 107, 177–185 (2018)
Corinto, F., Forti, M.: Memristor circuits: bifurcations without parameters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 64, 1540–1551 (2017)
Muthuswamy, B., Chua, L.O.: Simplest chaotic circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 20, 1567–1580 (2010)
Xu, B.R.: A simplest parallel chaotic system of memristor. Acta Phys. Sin. 62, 190506 (2013)
Teng, L., Iu, H.H.C., Wang, X.Y., Wang, X.K.: Chaotic behavior in fractional-order memristor-based simplest chaotic circuit using fourth degree polynomial. Nonlinear Dyn. 77, 231–241 (2014)
Lozi, R.P., Abdelouahab, M.S.: Hopf bifurcation and chaos in simplest fractional-order memristor-based electrical circuit. Indian J. Ind. Appl. Math. 6, 105–119 (2015)
Xu, B.R., Wang, G.Y., Shen, Y.R.: A simple meminductor-based chaotic system with complicated dynamics. Nonlinear Dyn. 88, 2071–2089 (2017)
Li, C., Hu, W., Sprott, J.C., Wang, X.: Multistability in symmetric chaotic systems. Eur. Phys. J. 224, 1493–1506 (2015)
Xu, Q., Lin, Y., Bao, B.C., Chen, M.: Multiple attractors in a non-ideal active voltage-controlled memristor based Chua’s circuit. Chaos Solitons Fractals 83, 186–200 (2016)
Deschênes, M., Roy, J.P., Steriade, M.: Thalamic bursting mechanism: an inward slow current revealed by membrane hyperpolarizsation. Brain Res. 239, 289–293 (1982)
Wong, R.S.K., Prince, D.A.: Afterpotential generation in hippocampal pyramidal cells. J. Neurophysiol. 45, 86–97 (1981)
Wu, H.G., Bao, B.C., Liu, Z., Xu, Q., Jiang, P.: Chaotic and periodic bursting phenomena in a memristive Wien-bridge oscillator. Nonlinear Dyn. 83, 893–903 (2016)
Wang, Y., Ma, J.: Bursting behavior in degenerate optical parametric oscillator under noise. Optik 139, 231–238 (2017)
Kingston, S.L., Thamilmaran, K.: Bursting oscillations and mixed-mode oscillations in driven Liénard system. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 27, 1730025 (2017)
Rinzel, J.: Bursting oscillations in an excitable membrane model. In: Sleeman, B.D., Jarvis, R.J. (eds.) Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, pp. 304–316. Springer, Heidelberg (1985)
Teka, W., Tabak, J., Bertram, R.: The relationship between two fast/slow analysis techniques for bursting oscillations. Chaos 22, 1288–1351 (2012)
Kengne, J., Negou, A.N., Tchiotsop, D.: Antimonotonicity, chaos and multiple attractors in a novel autonomous memristor-based jerk circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 27, 1750100 (2017)
Hu, X.Y., Liu, C.X., Liu, L., Ni, J.K., Yao, Y.P.: Chaotic dynamics in a neural network under electromagnetic radiation. Nonlinear Dyn. 91, 1541–1554 (2018)
Pham, V.T., Jafari, S., Vaidyanathan, S., Volos, C., Wang, X.: A novel memristive neural network with hidden attractors and its circuitry implementation. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 59, 358–363 (2016)
Lai, Q., Akgul, A., Li, C.B., Xu, G.H., Çavuşoğlu, Ü.: A new chaotic system with multiple attractors: dynamic analysis, circuit realization and s-box design. Entropy 20, 12 (2017)
Sabarathinam, S., Volos, C.K., Thamilmaran, K.: Implementation and study of the nonlinear dynamics of a memristor-based Duffing oscillator. Nonlinear Dyn. 87, 37–49 (2017)
Guo, M., Xue, Y.B., Gao, Z.H., Zhang, Y.M., Dou, G., Li, Y.X.: Dynamic analysis of a physical SBT memristor-based chaotic circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 27, 1730047 (2018)
Wang, W., Zeng, Y.C., Sun, R.T.: Research on a six-order chaotic circuit with three memristors. Acta Phys. Sin. 66, 040502 (2017)
Bao, B.C., Jiang, P., Wu, H.G., Hu, F.W.: Complex transient dynamics in periodically forced memristive Chua’s circuit. Nonlinear Dyn. 79, 2333–2343 (2015)
Bao, H., Wang, N., Bao, B.C., Chen, M., **, P.P., Wang, G.Y.: Initial condition-dependent dynamics and transient period in memristor-based hypogenetic jerk system with four line equilibria. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 57, 264–275 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61771176, 61271064), the Natural Science Foundations of Fujian Province (Grant Nos. 2016J01761) and the Natural Science Foundations of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LY18F010012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, B., Wang, G., Iu, H.HC. et al. A memristor–meminductor-based chaotic system with abundant dynamical behaviors . Nonlinear Dyn 96, 765–788 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04820-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04820-1