Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of two path-following controllers developed for guiding autonomous vehicles in semi-structured outdoor environments. Part of this paper is focused on the performance of two path-following controllers, which are implemented using two different approaches, the first using fuzzy logic and the second using chained systems theory. The control effort and the errors magnitude along the path are evaluated in a comparative way. A magnetic guidance system for autonomous vehicles navigation in semi-structured outdoor environments is also described, integrating redundant encoders data and absolute positioning data provided by on-board magnetic sensors and magnetic markers buried in the road. Simulation and experimental results are presented showing the effectiveness of the overall control system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bento, L.C.: Fuzzy logic lateral controller of a bi-steerable four-wheels actuated vehicle. Technical Report ISRLM 2004/01, Institute of Systems and Robotics, Portugal (2004)
Bento, L.C., Nunes, U.: Autonomous navigation control with magnetic markers guidance of a cybernetic car using fuzzy logic. Mach. Intell. Robotic Control 6(1), 1–10 (2004)
Bishop, R.: Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Trends. Artech House, London (2005)
Bonnifait, P., Crubill, P., Meizel, D.: Data fusion of four ABS sensors and GPS for an enhanced localization of car-like vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Seul, Korea, pp. 1597–1602, (2001)
Cordesses, L., Martinet, P., Thuilot, B., Berducat, M.: Robot motion planning and control. In: Proceedings of the 16th IAARC/IFAC/IEEE International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Madrid, Spain, pp. 41–46, (1999)
Cybercars: Cybernetic technologies for the car in the city. Available via www.cybercars.org (2001)
Felipe, E., Navin, F.: Canadian researchers test driver response to horizontal curves. Road Manage. Eng. J. TranSafety, Inc. (Sept. 1998)
Fox, D., Burgard, W., Dellaert, F., Thrun, S.: Monte carlo localization: Efficient position estimation for mobile robots. In: Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence Orlando, FL (1999)
Fox, D., Burgard, W., Thrun, S.: Markov localization for mobile robots in dynamic environments. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 11 343–349 (1999)
Fraichard, Th., Garnier, Ph.: Fuzzy control to drive car-like vehicles. Int. J. Robotics Autonomous Syst. 34, 1–22 (2001)
Hessburg, T., Tomizuka, M.: Fuzzy control for lateral vehicle guidance. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 14, 55–63 (1994)
Kiencke, U., Nielsen, L.: Automotive control systems. SAE-Soc. Automotive Eng., ISBN 3-540-66922-1 (2000)
Leonard, J., Durrant-Whyte, H.F.: Mobile robot localization by tracking geometric beacons. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automat. 7(3), 376–382 (1999)
Luca, A., Oriolo, G., Samson, C.: Feedback control of a nonholonomic car-like robot. In: Robot Motion Planning and Control, Laumond, J.-P. (ed.) LNCIS,Vol. 229, pp. 171–253, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1998)
Mellodge, P.: Feedback control for a path following robotic car. M.Sc. thesis in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburn, VA (2002)
Mendes, A., Nunes, U.: Situation-based multi-target detection and tracking with laserscanner in outdoor semi-structured environment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Sendai, Japan, pp. 88–93, (2004)
Moita, F., Nunes, U.: Magnetic ruler version 1.0. configuration, software structure and characterization. Technical Report ISRLM2004/03, Institute of Systems and Robotics, Portugal (2004)
Parent, M., Gallais, G., Alessandrini, A., Chanard, T.: CyberCars: review of first projects.In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automated People Movers, Singapore, 2003
Sekhavat, S., Hermosillo, J.: The cycab robot: a differentially flat system. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Japan, Vol. 1, pp. 312–318 (2000),
Sika, J., Hilgert, J., Bertram, T., Pauwelussen, J.P., Hiller, M.: Test facility for lateral control of scaled vehicle in an automated highway system. In: Proceedings of the 8th Mechatronics Forum International Conference, The Netherlands, pp. 24–26, (2002)
Solea, R., Nunes, U.: Trajectory planning with velocity planner for fully-automated passenger vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference. Toronto, Canada (2006)
Sotelo, M.A.: Nonlinear lateral control of vision driven autonomous vehicles. Int. J. Mach. Intell. Robotic Control 5(3), 87–93 (2003)
Surrecio, A., Nunes, U., Araujo, R.: Fusion of odometry with magnetic sensors using Kalman filters and augmented system models for mobile robot navigation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Dubrovnik, Croacia (2005)
Tan, A., Guldner, J., Patwardhan, S., Chen, C., Bougler, B.: Development of an automated steering vehicle based on roadway magnets-A case study of mechatronics system design. IEEE/ASME Mechatron. 4(3), 258–272 (1999)
Taylor, C.J., Kosecka, J., Blasi, R., Malik, J.: A comparative study of vision-based lateral control strategies for autonomous highway driving. Int. J. Robotic Res. 18(5), 442–453 (1999)
TranSafety: Simulated on-the-road emergencies used to test stop** sight distance assumptions. Road Manage. and Eng. J., TranSafety, Inc. (July 1997)
Zhang, W., Parson, R.E.: An intelligent roadway reference system for vehicle lateral guidance/control. In: Proceedings of the 1990 American Control Conference, San Diego, CA pp. 281–286, (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nunes, U., Bento, L.C. Data fusion and path-following controllers comparison for autonomous vehicles. Nonlinear Dyn 49, 445–462 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-006-9108-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-006-9108-y