SpringerLink
Log in

Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review

  • Review
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sleep disorders affect many people worldwide and can accompany neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Sleep may be altered before the clinical manifestations of some of these diseases appear. Moreover, some sleep disorders affect the physiological organization and function of the brain by influencing gene expression, accelerating the accumulation of abnormal proteins, interfering with the clearance of abnormal proteins, or altering the levels of related hormones and neurotransmitters, which can cause or may be associated with the development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of these effects are unclear. This review mainly focuses on the relationship between and mechanisms of action of sleep in Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and anxiety, as well as the relationships between sleep and Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This summary of current research hotspots may provide researchers with better clues and ideas to develop treatment solutions for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases associated with sleep disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Aβ:

Amyloid β-protein

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

AQP4:

Aquaporin 4

ASD:

Acute sleep deprivation

BACE1:

Β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BMAL1:

Brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1

CSD:

Chronic sleep deprivation

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSR:

Chronic sleep restriction

HD:

Huntington’s disease

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

IL:

Interleukin

ISF:

Interstitial fluid

Keap1:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

LB:

Lewy body

LRP-1:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

NC:

Normal cognition

NREM:

Non-rapid eye movement

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnea

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

RAGE:

Receptor of advanced glycation end products

RBD:

Rapid eye movement sleep-behavior disorder

REM:

Rapid eye movement

SD:

Sleep deprivation

SDB:

Sleep-disordered breathing

SWA:

Slow-wave activity

SWS:

Slow wave sleep

TDP-43:

43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein

TSD:

Total sleep deprivation

WT:

Wild-type

References

  1. Grandner MA, Fernandez FX (2021) The translational neuroscience of sleep: a contextual framework. Science 374:568–573

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Voysey Z, Fazal SV, Lazar AS, Barker RA (2021) The sleep and circadian problems of Huntington’s Disease: when, why and their importance. J Neurol 268:2275–2283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Joiner WJ (2018) The neurobiological basis of Sleep and Sleep disorders. Physiol (Bethesda) 33:317–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Léger D, Bayon V (2010) Societal costs of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 14:379–389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hillman DR, Lack LC (2013) Public health implications of sleep loss: the community burden. Med J Aust 199:S7–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Latreille MKP V (2019) Sleep disorders. Am J Med 132:292–299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Liew SC, Aung T (2021) Sleep deprivation and its association with diseases- a review. Sleep Med 77:192–204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Banks S, Dinges DF (2007) Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction. J Clin Sleep Med 3:519–528

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Umemura GS, Furtado F, Dos Santos FC, Gonçalves B, Forner-Cordero A (2022) Is Balance Control affected by Sleep Deprivation? A systematic review of the impact of Sleep on the control of balance. Front Neurosci 16:779086

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML (2016) Effects of acute sleep deprivation on state anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 24:109–118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Colwell CS (2021) Defining circadian disruption in neurodegenerative disorders. J Clin Invest 131

  12. Fang H, Tu S, Sheng J, Shao A (2019) Depression in sleep disturbance: a review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment. J Cell Mol Med 23:2324–2332

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang YQ, Li R, Zhang MQ, Zhang Z, Qu WM, Huang ZL (2015) The neurobiological mechanisms and treatments of REM sleep disturbances in Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 13:543–553

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Guo B, Zhang M, Hao W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu C (2023) Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression. Transl Psychiatry 13:5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Gauthier S, Webster C, Servaes S, Morais JA, Rosa-Neto P (2022) World Alzheimer Report 2022: Life after diagnosis: Navigating treatment, care and support. In. Alzheimer’s Disease International, London, England

  16. Okuda S, Tetsuka J, Takahashi K, Toda Y, Kubo T, Tokita S (2019) Association between sleep disturbance in Alzheimer’s Disease patients and burden on and health status of their caregivers. J Neurol 266:1490–1500

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Kastanenka KV, Hou SS, Shakerdge N, Logan R, Feng D, Wegmann S, Chopra V, Hawkes JM, Chen X, Bacskai BJ (2017) Optogenetic restoration of disrupted slow oscillations halts amyloid deposition and restores Calcium Homeostasis in an animal model of Alzheimer’s Disease. PLoS ONE 12:e0170275

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Suh SW, Han JW, Lee JR, Byun S, Kwon SJ, Oh SH, Lee KH, Han G, Hong JW, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Kim TH, Ryu SH, Moon SW, Park JH, Seo J, Youn JC, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Jhoo JH, Kim KW (2018) Sleep and cognitive decline: a prospective nondemented elderly cohort study. Ann Neurol 83:472–482

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lucey BP, Wisch J, Boerwinkle AH, Landsness EC, Toedebusch CD, McLeland JS, Butt OH, Hassenstab J, Morris JC, Ances BM, Holtzman DM (2021) Sleep and longitudinal cognitive performance in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain 144:2852–2862

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Maestri M, Carnicelli L, Tognoni G, Di Coscio E, Giorgi FS, Volpi L, Economou NT, Ktonas P, Ferri R, Bonuccelli U, Bonanni E (2015) Non-rapid eye movement sleep instability in mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Sleep Med 16:1139–1145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pase MP, Himali JJ, Grima NA, Beiser AS, Satizabal CL, Aparicio HJ, Thomas RJ, Gottlieb DJ, Auerbach SH, Seshadri S (2017) Sleep architecture and the risk of incident Dementia in the community. NEUROLOGY 89:1244–1250

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Lucey BP, McCullough A, Landsness EC, Toedebusch CD, McLeland JS, Zaza AM, Fagan AM, McCue L, **ong C, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Holtzman DM (2019) Reduced non-rapid eye movement sleep is associated with tau pathology in early Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Transl Med 11

  23. Liu S, Meng Y, Wang N, Lei Q, He L, Hong X, Li Z (2023) Disturbance of REM sleep exacerbates microglial activation in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 200:107737

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chylinski D, Van Egroo M, Narbutas J, Muto V, Bahri MA, Berthomier C, Salmon E, Bastin C, Phillips C, Collette F, Maquet P, Carrier J, Lina JM, Vandewalle G (2022) Timely coupling of sleep spindles and slow waves linked to early amyloid-β burden and predicts memory decline. eLife 11

  25. Chylinski DO, Van Egroo M, Narbutas J, Grignard M, Koshmanova E, Berthomier C, Berthomier P, Brandewinder M, Salmon E, Bahri MA, Bastin C, Collette F, Phillips C, Maquet P, Muto V, Vandewalle G (2021) Heterogeneity in the links between sleep arousals, amyloid-β, and cognition. JCI Insight 6

  26. Winer JR, Deters KD, Kennedy G, ** M, Goldstein-Piekarski A, Poston KL, Mormino EC (2021) Association of short and long sleep duration with Amyloid-β Burden and Cognition in Aging. JAMA Neurol 78:1187–1196

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fan L, Xu W, Cai Y, Hu Y, Wu C (2019) Sleep duration and the risk of Dementia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc 20:1480–1487e1485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Leng Y, Ackley SF, Glymour MM, Yaffe K, Brenowitz WD (2021) Genetic risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Sleep Duration in Non-demented elders. Ann Neurol 89:177–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Xu W, Tan L, Su BJ, Yu H, Bi YL, Yue XF, Dong Q, Yu JT (2020) Sleep characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease pathology in cognitively intact older adults: the CABLE study. Alzheimers Dement 16:1146–1152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cavaillès C, Berr C, Helmer C, Gabelle A, Jaussent I, Dauvilliers Y (2022) Complaints of daytime sleepiness, insomnia, hypnotic use, and risk of Dementia: a prospective cohort study in the elderly. Alzheimers Res Ther 14:12

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Anderson EL, Richmond RC, Jones SE, Hemani G, Wade KH, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Wang H, Saxena R, Brumpton B, Korologou-Linden R, Nielsen JB, Åsvold BO, Abecasis G, Coulthard E, Kyle SD, Beaumont RN, Tyrrell J, Frayling TM, Munafò MR, Wood AR, Ben-Shlomo Y, Howe LD, Lawlor DA, Weedon MN, Davey Smith G (2021) Is disrupted sleep a risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease? Evidence from a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 50:817–828

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. André C, Rehel S, Kuhn E, Landeau B, Moulinet I, Touron E, Ourry V, Le Du G, Mézenge F, Tomadesso C, de Flores R, Bejanin A, Sherif S, Delcroix N, Manrique A, Abbas A, Marchant NL, Lutz A, Klimecki OM, Collette F, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Poisnel G, Vivien D, Bertran F, de la Sayette V, Chételat G, Rauchs G (2020) Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing with Alzheimer Disease biomarkers in Community-Dwelling older adults: a secondary analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 77:716–724

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee JE, Yang SW, Ju YJ, Ki SK, Chun KH (2019) Sleep-disordered breathing and Alzheimer’s Disease: a nationwide cohort study. Psychiatry Res 273:624–630

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Liguori C, Maestri M, Spanetta M, Placidi F, Bonanni E, Mercuri NB, Guarnieri B (2021) Sleep-disordered breathing and the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. Sleep Med Rev 55:101375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bubu OM, Andrade AG, Umasabor-Bubu OQ, Hogan MM, Turner AD, de Leon MJ, Ogedegbe G, Ayappa I, Jean-Louis GG, Jackson ML, Varga AW, Osorio RS (2020) Obstructive sleep apnea, cognition and Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review integrating three decades of multidisciplinary research. Sleep Med Rev 50:101250

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sharma RA, Varga AW, Bubu OM, Pirraglia E, Kam K, Parekh A, Wohlleber M, Miller MD, Andrade A, Lewis C, Tweardy S, Buj M, Yau PL, Sadda R, Mosconi L, Li Y, Butler T, Glodzik L, Fieremans E, Babb JS, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lu SE, Badia SG, Romero S, Rosenzweig I, Gosselin N, Jean-Louis G, Rapoport DM, de Leon MJ, Ayappa I, Osorio RS (2018) Obstructive sleep apnea severity affects amyloid Burden in Cognitively Normal Elderly. A longitudinal study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:933–943

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Punjabi NM (2008) The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 5:136–143

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Ooms S, Overeem S, Besse K, Rikkert MO, Verbeek M, Claassen JA (2014) Effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 42 in healthy middle-aged men: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 71:971–977

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lucey BP, Hicks TJ, McLeland JS, Toedebusch CD, Boyd J, Elbert DL, Patterson BW, Baty J, Morris JC, Ovod V, Mawuenyega KG, Bateman RJ (2018) Effect of sleep on overnight cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β kinetics. Ann Neurol 83:197–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Benedict C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Cedernaes J (2020) Effects of acute sleep loss on diurnal plasma dynamics of CNS health biomarkers in young men. NEUROLOGY 94:e1181–e1189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Wei M, Zhao B, Huo K, Deng Y, Shang S, Liu J, Li Y, Ma L, Jiang Y, Dang L, Chen C, Wei S, Zhang J, Yang H, Gao F, Qu Q (2017) Sleep Deprivation Induced plasma Amyloid-β transport disturbance in healthy young adults. J Alzheimers Dis 57:899–906

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ju Y-ES, Ooms SJ, Sutphen C, Macauley SL, Zangrilli MA, Jerome G, Fagan AM, Mignot E, Zempel JM, Claassen JAHR, Holtzman DM (2017) Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β levels. Brain 140:2104–2111

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Qiu H, Zhong R, Liu H, Zhang F, Li S, Le W (2016) Chronic sleep deprivation exacerbates Learning-Memory disability and Alzheimer’s Disease-Like pathologies in AβPP(swe)/PS1(∆E9) mice. J Alzheimers Dis 50:669–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhao HY, Wu HJ, He JL, Zhuang JH, Liu ZY, Huang LQ, Zhao ZX (2017) Chronic sleep restriction induces cognitive deficits and cortical Beta-amyloid deposition in mice via BACE1-Antisense activation. CNS Neurosci Ther 23:233–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhao B, Liu P, Wei M, Li Y, Liu J, Ma L, Shang S, Jiang Y, Huo K, Wang J, Qu Q (2019) Chronic sleep restriction induces Aβ Accumulation by disrupting the balance of Aβ production and clearance in rats. Neurochem Res 44:859–873

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. **e Y, Ba L, Wang M, Deng SY, Chen SM, Huang LF, Zhang M, Wang W, Ding FF (2020) Chronic sleep fragmentation shares similar pathogenesis with neurodegenerative Diseases: Endosome-autophagosome-lysosome pathway dysfunction and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. CNS Neurosci Ther 26:215–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Vasciaveo V, Iadarola A, Casile A, Dante D, Morello G, Minotta L, Tamagno E, Cicolin A, Guglielmotto M (2023) Sleep fragmentation affects glymphatic system through the different expression of AQP4 in wild type and 5xFAD mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 11:16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Nick H, Fenik P, Zhu Y, Veasey S (2022) Hypocretin/orexin influences chronic sleep disruption injury in the hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci 14:1025402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Kent BA, Feldman HH, Nygaard HB (2021) Sleep and its regulation: an emerging pathogenic and treatment frontier in Alzheimer’s Disease. Prog Neurobiol 197:101902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Tabuchi M, Lone SR, Liu S, Liu Q, Zhang J, Spira AP, Wu MN (2015) Sleep interacts with aβ to modulate intrinsic neuronal excitability. Curr Biol 25:702–712

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Ba L, Huang L, He Z, Deng S, **e Y, Zhang M, Jacob C, Antonecchia E, Liu Y, **ao W, **e Q, Huang Z, Yi C, D’Ascenzo N, Ding F (2021) Does chronic sleep fragmentation lead to Alzheimer’s Disease in Young Wild-Type mice? Front Aging Neurosci 13:759983

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Owen JE, Zhu Y, Fenik P, Zhan G, Bell P, Liu C, Veasey S (2021) Late-in-life neurodegeneration after chronic sleep loss in young adult mice. Sleep 44

  53. Zhang F, Niu L, Zhong R, Li S, Le W (2023) Chronic sleep disturbances alters Sleep structure and tau phosphorylation in AβPP/PS1 AD mice and their wild-type littermates. J Alzheimers Dis 92:1341–1355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhu Y, Zhan G, Fenik P, Brandes M, Bell P, Francois N, Shulman K, Veasey S (2018) Chronic sleep disruption advances the temporal progression of Tauopathy in P301S Mutant mice. J Neurosci 38:10255–10270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Niu L, Zhang F, Xu X, Yang Y, Li S, Liu H, Le W (2022) Chronic sleep deprivation altered the expression of circadian clock genes and aggravated Alzheimer’s Disease neuropathology. Brain Pathol 32:e13028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lucey BP (2020) It’s complicated: the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s Disease in humans. Neurobiol Dis 144:105031

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Sato C, Barthélemy NR, Mawuenyega KG, Patterson BW, Gordon BA, Jockel-Balsarotti J, Sullivan M, Crisp MJ, Kasten T, Kirmess KM, Kanaan NM, Yarasheski KE, Baker-Nigh A, Benzinger TLS, Miller TM, Karch CM, Bateman RJ (2018) Tau kinetics in neurons and the Human Central Nervous System. Neuron 98:861–864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Yanamandra K, Patel TK, Jiang H, Schindler S, Ulrich JD, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Kerwin DR, Gallardo G, Stewart F, Finn MB, Cairns NJ, Verghese PB, Fogelman I, West T, Braunstein J, Robinson G, Keyser J, Roh J, Knapik SS, Hu Y, Holtzman DM (2017) Anti-tau antibody administration increases plasma tau in transgenic mice and patients with tauopathy. Sci Transl Med 9

  59. Yamada K, Holth JK, Liao F, Stewart FR, Mahan TE, Jiang H, Cirrito JR, Patel TK, Hochgräfe K, Mandelkow EM, Holtzman DM (2014) Neuronal activity regulates extracellular tau in vivo. J Exp Med 211:387–393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Holth JK, Fritschi SK, Wang C, Pedersen NP, Cirrito JR, Mahan TE, Finn MB, Manis M, Geerling JC, Fuller PM, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM (2019) The sleep-wake cycle regulates brain interstitial fluid tau in mice and CSF tau in humans. Sci (New York NY) 363:880–884

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Irwin MR, Vitiello MV (2019) Implications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia. Lancet Neurol 18:296–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Wu R, Tripathy S, Menon V, Yu L, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lim ASP (2022) Fragmentation of rest periods, astrocyte activation, and cognitive decline in older adults with and without Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement

  63. Kaneshwaran K, Olah M, Tasaki S, Yu L, Bradshaw EM, Schneider JA, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lim ASP (2019) Sleep fragmentation, microglial aging, and cognitive impairment in adults with and without Alzheimer’s Dementia. Sci Adv 5:eaax7331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. Bellesi M, de Vivo L, Chini M, Gilli F, Tononi G, Cirelli C (2017) Sleep loss promotes astrocytic phagocytosis and microglial activation in mouse cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 37:5263–5273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Kincheski GC, Valentim IS, Clarke JR, Cozachenco D, Castelo-Branco MTL, Ramos-Lobo AM, Rumjanek V, Donato J Jr., De Felice FG, Ferreira ST (2017) Chronic sleep restriction promotes Brain Inflammation and synapse loss, and potentiates memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers in mice. Brain Behav Immun 64:140–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Liu P, Zhao B, Wei M, Li Y, Liu J, Ma L, Shang S, Huo K, Wang J, Li R, Qu Q (2020) Activation of inflammation is Associated with Amyloid-β Accumulation Induced by Chronic Sleep restriction in rats. J Alzheimers Dis 74:759–773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Berk M, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, O’Neil A, Pasco JA, Moylan S, Allen NB, Stuart AL, Hayley AC, Byrne ML, Maes M (2013) So depression is an inflammatory Disease, but where does the inflammation come from? BMC Med 11:200

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Siegel JM (2005) Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature 437:1264–1271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wulff K, Gatti S, Wettstein JG, Foster RG (2010) Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in psychiatric and neurodegenerative Disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:589–599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Mendoza J (2019) Circadian insights into the biology of depression: symptoms, treatments and animal models. Behav Brain Res 376:112186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Chellappa SL, Aeschbach D (2022) Sleep and anxiety: from mechanisms to interventions. Sleep Med Rev 61:101583

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mirchandaney R, Barete R, Asarnow LD (2022) Moderators of cognitive behavioral treatment for Insomnia on Depression and anxiety outcomes. Curr Psychiatry Rep 24:121–128

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Soehner AM, Kaplan KA, Harvey AG (2014) Prevalence and clinical correlates of co-occurring insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms in depression. J Affect Disord 167:93–97

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Zhou F, Li S, Xu H (2022) Insomnia, sleep duration, and risk of anxiety: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 155:219–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Bean CAL, Ciesla JA (2021) Naturalistic partial sleep deprivation leads to Greater Next-Day anxiety: the moderating role of baseline anxiety and depression. Behav Ther 52:861–873

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Palmer CA, Alfano CA (2020) Anxiety modifies the emotional effects of sleep loss. Curr Opin Psychol 34:100–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Zhou L, Zhang H, Luo Z, Liu X, Yang L, Hu H, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang F (2020) Abnormal night sleep duration and inappropriate sleep initiation time are associated with elevated anxiety symptoms in Chinese rural adults: the Henan Rural Cohort. Psychiatry Res 291:113232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Riemann D (2007) Insomnia and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Sleep Med 8(Suppl 4):S15–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lopez R, Barateau L, Evangelista E, Dauvilliers Y (2017) Depression and Hypersomnia: a Complex Association. Sleep Med Clin 12:395–405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Luik AI, Zuurbier LA, Direk N, Hofman A, Van Someren EJ, Tiemeier H (2015) 24-HOUR ACTIVITY RHYTHM AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER PERSONS. Depress Anxiety 32:684–692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bouwmans ME, Conradi HJ, Bos EH, Oldehinkel AJ, de Jonge P (2017) Bidirectionality between sleep symptoms and core depressive symptoms and their long-term course in Major Depression. Psychosom Med 79:336–344

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Casement MD, Keenan KE, Hipwell AE, Guyer AE, Forbes EE (2016) Neural reward Processing mediates the relationship between insomnia symptoms and Depression in Adolescence. Sleep 39:439–447

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Coles ME, Schubert JR, Nota JA (2015) Sleep, circadian rhythms, and anxious traits. Curr Psychiatry Rep 17:73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Horváth A, Montana X, Lanquart JP, Hubain P, Szűcs A, Linkowski P, Loas G (2016) Effects of state and trait anxiety on sleep structure: a polysomnographic study in 1083 subjects. Psychiatry Res 244:279–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Short MA, Louca M (2015) Sleep deprivation leads to mood deficits in healthy adolescents. Sleep Med 16:987–993

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Taraku B, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Loureiro JR, Al-Sharif NB, Kubicki A, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Espinoza R, Narr KL, Sahib AK (2023) White matter microstructural perturbations after total sleep deprivation in depression. Front Psychiatry 14:1195763

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Hu B, Liu C, Mou T, Luo F, Lv T, Qian C, Zhang J, Ye M, Liu Z (2021) Meta-analysis of Sleep Deprivation effects on patients with Depression. Front Psychiatry 12:783091

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Dong L, **e Y, Zou X (2022) Association between sleep duration and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 296:183–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Tartar JL, Ward CP, Cordeira JW, Legare SL, Blanchette AJ, McCarley RW, Strecker RE (2009) Experimental sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation in rats increases exploration in an open field test of anxiety while increasing plasma corticosterone levels. Behav Brain Res 197:450–453

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Pires GN, Bezerra AG, Tufik S, Andersen ML (2016) Effects of experimental sleep deprivation on anxiety-like behavior in animal research: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 68:575–589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Finan PH, Quartana PJ, Smith MT (2015) The effects of Sleep Continuity disruption on positive Mood and Sleep Architecture in healthy adults. Sleep 38:1735–1742

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Meerlo P, Mistlberger RE, Jacobs BL, Heller HC, McGinty D (2009) New neurons in the adult brain: the role of sleep and consequences of sleep loss. Sleep Med Rev 13:187–194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Clasadonte J, McIver SR, Schmitt LI, Halassa MM, Haydon PG (2014) Chronic sleep restriction disrupts sleep homeostasis and behavioral sensitivity to alcohol by reducing the extracellular accumulation of adenosine. J Neurosci 34:1879–1891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y (2023) Administration of growth hormone ameliorates adverse effects of total sleep deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 38:1671–1681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Klumpers UM, Veltman DJ, van Tol MJ, Kloet RW, Boellaard R, Lammertsma AA, Hoogendijk WJ (2015) Neurophysiological effects of sleep deprivation in healthy adults, a pilot study. PLoS ONE 10:e0116906

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Jordan W, Tumani H, Cohrs S, Eggert S, Rodenbeck A, Brunner E, Rüther E, Hajak G (2004) Prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in healthy human sleep. Sleep 27:867–874

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Zhang Y, Dai C, Shao Y, Peng J, Yang Y, Hou Y (2021) Decreased functional connectivity in the reward network and its relationship with negative emotional experience after total sleep deprivation. Front Neurol 12:641810

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Bosch OG, Rihm JS, Scheidegger M, Landolt HP, Stämpfli P, Brakowski J, Esposito F, Rasch B, Seifritz E (2013) Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:19597–19602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. Lopez-Rodriguez F, Wilson CL, Maidment NT, Poland RE, Engel J (2003) Total sleep deprivation increases extracellular serotonin in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 121:523–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Wu JC, Gillin JC, Buchsbaum MS, Schachat C, Darnall LA, Keator DB, Fallon JH, Bunney WE (2008) Sleep deprivation PET correlations of Hamilton symptom improvement ratings with changes in relative glucose metabolism in patients with depression. J Affect Disord 107:181–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Grassi Zucconi G, Cipriani S, Balgkouranidou I, Scattoni R (2006) One night’ sleep deprivation stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Res Bull 69:375–381

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Tartar JL, Ward CP, McKenna JT, Thakkar M, Arrigoni E, McCarley RW, Brown RE, Strecker RE (2006) Hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning are impaired in a rat model of sleep fragmentation. Eur J Neurosci 23:2739–2748

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Grubac Z, Sutulovic N, Ademovic A, Velimirovic M, Rasic-Markovic A, Macut D, Petronijevic N, Stanojlovic O, Hrncic D (2019) Short-term sleep fragmentation enhances anxiety-related behavior: the role of hormonal alterations. PLoS ONE 14:e0218920

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Nair D, Zhang SX, Ramesh V, Hakim F, Kaushal N, Wang Y, Gozal D (2011) Sleep fragmentation induces cognitive deficits via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathways in mouse. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 184:1305–1312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Stepnowsky CJ, Palau JJ, Zamora T, Ancoli-Israel S, Loredo JS (2011) Fatigue in sleep apnea: the role of depressive symptoms and self-reported sleep quality. Sleep Med 12:832–837

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Gong L, Liao T, Liu D, Luo Q, Xu R, Huang Q, Zhang B, Feng F, Zhang C (2019) Amygdala Changes in Chronic Insomnia and Their Association with sleep and anxiety symptoms: insight from shape analysis. Neural Plast 2019:8549237

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Gong L, Shi M, Wang J, Xu R, Yu S, Liu D, Ding X, Zhang B, Zhang X, ** C (2021) The abnormal functional connectivity in the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System Associated with anxiety Symptom in Chronic Insomnia Disorder. Front Neurosci 15:678465

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Xu M, Wang Q, Li B, Qian S, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen C, Liu Z, Ji Y, Liu K, **n K, Niu Y (2023) Cerebellum and hippocampus abnormalities in patients with insomnia comorbid depression: a study on cerebral blood perfusion and functional connectivity. Front Neurosci 17:1202514

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Motomura Y, Katsunuma R, Ayabe N, Oba K, Terasawa Y, Kitamura S, Moriguchi Y, Hida A, Kamei Y, Mishima K (2021) Decreased activity in the reward network of chronic insomnia patients. Sci Rep 11:3600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Gong L, Yu S, Xu R, Liu D, Dai X, Wang Z, Hu Y, Yan B, Kui Y, Zhang B, Feng F (2021) The abnormal reward network associated with insomnia severity and depression in chronic insomnia disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 15:1033–1042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Rahmani M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N (2020) The brain-derived neurotrophic factor: missing Link between Sleep Deprivation, Insomnia, and Depression. Neurochem Res 45:221–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Schmitt K, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Eckert A (2016) BDNF in sleep, insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Ann Med 48:42–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Konakanchi S, Raavi V, Ml HK, Shankar Ms V (2022) Effect of chronic sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on hippocampal CA3 neurons, spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 187:107559

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. **a M, Li Z, Li S, Liang S, Li X, Chen B, Zhang M, Dong C, Verkhratsky A, Guan D, Li B (2020) Sleep Deprivation Selectively Down-Regulates Astrocytic 5-HT(2B) Receptors and Triggers Depressive-Like Behaviors via Stimulating P2X(7) Receptors in Mice. Neurosci Bull 36:1259–1270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Manchanda S, Singh H, Kaur T, Kaur G (2018) Low-grade neuroinflammation due to chronic sleep deprivation results in anxiety and learning and memory impairments. Mol Cell Biochem 449:63–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Derry HM, Fagundes CP (2015) Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat. Am J Psychiatry 172:1075–1091

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Liu H, Huang X, Li Y, ** K, Han Y, Mao H, Ren K, Wang W, Wu Z (2022) TNF signaling pathway-mediated microglial activation in the PFC underlies acute paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Brain Behav Immun 100:254–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Merikanto I, Partonen T (2021) Eveningness increases risks for depressive and anxiety symptoms and hospital treatments mediated by insufficient sleep in a population-based study of 18,039 adults. Depress Anxiety 38:1066–1077

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Stahl ST, Smagula SF, Rodakowski J, Dew MA, Karp JF, Albert SM, Butters M, Gildengers A, Reynolds CF 3rd (2021) Subjective Sleep Quality and trajectories of Interleukin-6 in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 29:204–208

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Selvi Y, Boysan M, Kandeger A, Uygur OF, Sayin AA, Akbaba N, Koc B (2018) Heterogeneity of sleep quality in relation to circadian preferences and depressive symptomatology among major depressive patients. J Affect Disord 235:242–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Taylor BJ, Hasler BP (2018) Chronotype and Mental Health: recent advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep 20:59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Merikanto I, Kronholm E, Peltonen M, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T (2015) Circadian preference links to depression in general adult population. J Affect Disord 188:143–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P (2017) Non-motor features of Parkinson Disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 18:435–450

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Stefani A, Högl B (2020) Sleep in Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 45:121–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Morawska MM, Moreira CG, Ginde VR, Valko PO, Weiss T, Büchele F, Imbach LL, Masneuf S, Kollarik S, Prymaczok N, Gerez JA, Riek R, Baumann CR, Noain D (2021) Slow-wave sleep affects synucleinopathy and regulates proteostatic processes in mouse models of Parkinson’s Disease. Sci Transl Med 13:eabe7099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Zuzuárregui JRP, During EH (2020) Sleep issues in Parkinson’s Disease and their management. Neurotherapeutics 17:1480–1494

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  127. Hermanowicz N, Jones SA, Hauser RA (2019) Impact of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: a PMDAlliance survey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 15:2205–2212

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  128. Kay DB, Tanner JJ, Bowers D (2018) Sleep disturbances and depression severity in patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Behav 8:e00967

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Latif S, Jahangeer M, Maknoon Razia D, Ashiq M, Ghaffar A, Akram M, El Allam A, Bouyahya A, Garipova L, Ali Shariati M, Thiruvengadam M, Azam Ansari M (2021) Dopamine in Parkinson’s Disease. Clin Chim Acta 522:114–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Dauvilliers Y, Schenck CH, Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Luppi PH, Plazzi G, Montplaisir J, Boeve B (2018) REM sleep behaviour disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Miglis MG, Adler CH, Antelmi E, Arnaldi D, Baldelli L, Boeve BF, Cesari M, Dall’Antonia I, Diederich NJ, Doppler K, Dušek P, Ferri R, Gagnon JF, Gan-Or Z, Hermann W, Högl B, Hu MT, Iranzo A, Janzen A, Kuzkina A, Lee JY, Leenders KL, Lewis SJG, Liguori C, Liu J, Lo C, Ehgoetz Martens KA, Nepozitek J, Plazzi G, Provini F, Puligheddu M, Rolinski M, Rusz J, Stefani A, Summers RLS, Yoo D, Zitser J, Oertel WH (2021) Biomarkers of conversion to α-synucleinopathy in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder. Lancet Neurol 20:671–684

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  132. Si XL, Gu LY, Song Z, Zhou C, Fang Y, ** CY, Wu JJ, Gao T, Guo T, Guan XJ, Xu XJ, Yin XZ, Yan YP, Zhang MM, Pu JL (2020) Different Perivascular Space burdens in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 12:580853

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  133. Maggi G, Trojano L, Barone P, Santangelo G (2021) Sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: a Meta-Analytic Study. Neuropsychol Rev 31:643–682

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Lin YQ, Chen SD (2018) RBD: a red flag for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s Disease? Sleep Med 44:38–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Lazar AS, Panin F, Goodman AO, Lazic SE, Lazar ZI, Mason SL, Rogers L, Murgatroyd PR, Watson LP, Singh P, Borowsky B, Shneerson JM, Barker RA (2015) Sleep deficits but no metabolic deficits in Premanifest Huntington’s Disease. Ann Neurol 78:630–648

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  136. Vas S, Nicol AU, Kalmar L, Miles J, Morton AJ (2021) Abnormal patterns of sleep and EEG power distribution during non-rapid eye movement sleep in the sheep model of Huntington’s Disease. Neurobiol Dis 155:105367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Cabanas M, Pistono C, Puygrenier L, Rakesh D, Jeantet Y, Garret M, Cho YH (2019) Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of anti-orexinergic treatments in a mouse model of Huntington’s Disease. Neurotherapeutics: The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 16:784–796

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Hulisz D (2018) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Disease state overview. Am J Manag Care 24:S320–s326

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Liu S, Ren Q, Gong G, Sun Y, Zhao B, Ma X, Zhang N, Zhong S, Lin Y, Wang W, Zheng R, Yu X, Yun Y, Zhang D, Shao K, Lin P, Yuan Y, Dai T, Zhang Y, Li L, Li W, Zhao Y, Shan P, Meng X, Yan C (2022) Hypothalamic subregion abnormalities are related to body mass index in patients with sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Neurol 269:2980–2988

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Gnoni V, Zoccolella S, Giugno A, Urso D, Tamburrino L, Filardi M, Logroscino G (2023) Hypothalamus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: potential implications in sleep disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 15:1193483

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  141. Lo Martire V, Caruso D, Palagini L, Zoccoli G, Bastianini S (2020) Stress & sleep: a relationship lasting a lifetime. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 117:65–77

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Basta M, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Antypa D, Li Y, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Karagkouni E, Simos P (2022) Basal cortisol levels are increased in patients with mild cognitive impairment: role of Insomnia and short sleep duration. J Alzheimers Dis 87:933–944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Gabery S, Ahmed RM, Caga J, Kiernan MC, Halliday GM, Petersén Å (2021) Loss of the metabolism and sleep regulating neuronal populations expressing orexin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 47:979–989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Boentert M (2019) Sleep disturbances in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: current perspectives. Nat Sci Sleep 11:97–111

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

Funding

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82371541), the project for the improvement of research skill in Anhui Medical University (No.2021xkjT003), Talent Training Program from the School of Basic Medical Sciences of Anhui Medical University (No. 2022YPJH201), Research Fund of Anhui Institute of translational medicine (No. 2022zhyx-C11) and National Training Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of China (No. 202310366060 & No. 202310366037).

Author information

Author notes

  1. **ao **ao and Yimin Rui contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

    **ao **ao & Yimin Rui

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

    **ao **ao, Yimin Rui, Yu ** & Ming Chen

Authors
  1. **ao **ao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yimin Rui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yu **
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ming Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the manuscript. X.X. had the idea for the article. X.X., Y.M.R. and Y. J. performed the literature search, drafted the manuscript and created the figures. M.C. revised critically the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ming Chen.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

**ao, X., Rui, Y., **, Y. et al. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Neurochem Res 49, 568–582 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-023-04086-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-023-04086-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation