Abstract
Individual differences in the timing and tempo of pubertal development have been shown to be related to depressive symptoms during adolescence, particularly among girls. Another measure of variability in pubertal development is pubertal synchrony, the degree to which the development of pubertal indicators (e.g., breast growth and ancillary hair growth) are synchronized within the individual. Pubertal synchrony also has been hypothesized to be related to depressive symptoms, but, to date, only one study has tested this hypothesis. However, it remains unclear whether pubertal synchrony confers risk for depressive symptoms more proximally in time or differentially among boys or non-White youth. The current study examined the relation between pubertal synchrony and depressive symptoms concurrently and six months later as a function of race and sex in a community sample of 215 youth (53% female, 44.7% African American; mean age = 12.90 years (SD = 0.86)). Girls with asynchronous development at Time 1 reported significantly higher depressive symptoms at Time 2 than girls with synchronous development and boys with asynchronous development. In addition, boys with asynchronous development at Time 1 had lower depressive symptoms at Time 2 than boys with synchronous development. Race did not moderate pubertal synchrony—depression relations. These results suggest that pubertal asynchrony is a risk factor for girls, but a protective factor for boys, and lend support for pubertal synchrony as a potential contributor to the gender gap in depression that emerges during adolescence.
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A.S. generated hypotheses, created the database, ran and interpreted data analysis, and drafted the paper; A.A.G. helped generate hypotheses, and helped draft the paper; L.Y.A. provided feedback on the paper; L.B.A. helped design the original study and write the grant that funded the study, participated in the design and coordination of this study, and provided feedback on all drafts of the paper. All authors read and approved the final paper.
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This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH101168 and MH079369 to L.B.A.
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The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The Temple University Institutional Review Board approved the protocol (IRB protocol #6844).
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Stumper, A., Graham, A.A., Abramson, L.Y. et al. Pubertal Synchrony and Depressive Symptoms: Differences by Race and Sex. J Youth Adolescence 49, 2275–2284 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01314-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01314-x