Abstract
This study reports the preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline spinel powder of cubic copper ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) which have been fabricated via a cost-effective citrate sol–gel approach. The structural and morphological properties of the nanoparticles are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whereas magnetic properties and Mössbauer analysis were performed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Mössbauer spectra, respectively, and were characterized in detail. The empirical aim of this study is to perceive the transition phase of CuFe2O4 as cubic symmetry which was confirmed by SEM images, and a couple of studies reported on the cubic structure of copper ferrite and discussed the magnetic properties. However, the present study gives the detailed information of the formation of cubic structure and magnetic behavior of the CuFe2O4 cubic structure. X-ray diffraction measurements of resulting NPs show that the grain size of the particles is about 42.08 nm while SEM analysis showed that the particles have cubic nanostructured shapes with non-homogeneous sizes in around 80–100 nm. From 57Fe, Mössbauer parameters consist of one superparamagnetic doublet and superposition of four sextets. VSM result shows the enhanced superparamagnetic nature of the CuFe2O4 NPs.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10948-018-4733-5/MediaObjects/10948_2018_4733_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10948-018-4733-5/MediaObjects/10948_2018_4733_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10948-018-4733-5/MediaObjects/10948_2018_4733_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10948-018-4733-5/MediaObjects/10948_2018_4733_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10948-018-4733-5/MediaObjects/10948_2018_4733_Fig5_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hong, J., Xu, D.M., Yu, J.H., Gong, P.J., Ma, H.J., Yao, S.D.: Nanotechnol 18, 135608 (2007)
Park, J.H., Maltzahn, G.V., Zhang, L.L., Schwartz, M.P., Ruoslahti, E., Bhatia, S.N., Sailor, M.J.: Adv. Mater. 20, 1630–1635 (2008)
Haija, M.A., Abu-Hani, A.F.S., Hamdan, N., Stephen, S., Ayesh, A.I.: Characterization of H2S gas sensor based on CuFe2 O 4 nanoparticles. J. Alloy Compd. 690, 461–468 (2017)
Zaharieva, K., Rives, V., Tsvetkov, M., Cherkezova-Zheleva, Z., Kunev, B., Trujillano, R., Mitov, I., Milanova, M.: Preparation, characterization and application of nanosized copper ferrite photocatalysts for dye degradation under UV irradiation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 160, 271–278 (2015)
Wojtowicz, P.J.: Theoretical model for tetragonal-to-cubic phase transformations in transition metal spinels. Phys. Rev. 116, 32 (1959)
Krupicka, S., Novak, P.: In: Wohlfarth, E.P. (ed.) Ferromagnetic Materials, vol. 3. North Holland, Amsterdam (1982)
Tang, X.X., Manthiram, A., Goodenough, J.B.: Copper ferrite revisited. J. Solid State Chem. 79, 250 (1989)
Pajíc, D, Zadro, K, Vanderberghe, R E, Nedkov, I.: Superparamagnetic relaxation in CuxFe3−x O 4 (x = 0.5 and x = 1) nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 281, 353 (2004)
Masoumi, S., Nabiyouni, G., Ghanbari, D.: Photo-degradation of azo dyes: photo catalyst and magnetic investigation of CuFe2O4–TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 9962–9975 (2016)
Nabiyouni, G., Sharifi, S., Ghanbari, D., Salavati-Niasari, M.: A simple precipitation method for synthesis CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. J. Nanostruct. 4(3), 317–323 (2014)
Hou, H., Xu, G., Tan, S., Zhu, Y.: A facile sol-gel strategy for the scalable synthesis of CuFe2 O 4 nanoparticles with enhanced infrared radiation property: influence of the synthesis conditions. Infrared Phys. Technol. 85, 261–265 (2017)
Shettya, K., Renuka, L., Nagaswarupa, H.P., Nagabhushana, H., Anantharaju, K.S., Rangappa, D., Prashantha, S.C., Ashwini, K.: A comparative study on CuFe2 O 4, ZnFe2 O 4 and NiFe2 O 4: morphology, impedance and photocatalytic studies. Mater. Today Proc. 4, 11806–11815 (2017)
Haija, M.A., Abu-Hani, A.F.S., Hamdan, N., Stephen, S., Ayesh, A.I.: Characterization of H2S gas sensor based on CuFe2 O 4 nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd. 690, 461–468 (2017)
Agouriane, E., Rabi, B., Essoumhi, A., Razouk, A., Sahlaoui, M., Costa, B.F.O., Sajieddine, M.: Structural and magnetic properties of CuFe2 O 4 ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7(11), 4116–4120 (2016)
Amir, Md., Baykal, A., Güner, S., Güngüneş, H., Sözeri, H.: Magneto-optical investigation and hyperfine interactions of copper substituted Fe3 O 4 nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 42, 5650–5658 (2016)
Balagurov, A.M., Bobrikov, I.A., Maschenko, M.S., Sangaa, D., Simkin, V.G.: Structural phase transition in CuFe2 O 4 spinel. Crystallograp. Rep. 58(2), 710–717 (2013)
Kanagaraj, M., Sathishkumar, P., Selvan, G.K., Kokila, I.P., Arumugam, S.: Structural and magnetic properties of CuFe2 O 4 as prepared and thermally treated spinel nanoferrites. Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys. 52, 124–130 (2014)
Baykal, A., Güngüneş, H., Sözeri, H., Amir, Md., Auwal, I., Asiri, S., Shirsath, S.E., Demir Korkmaz, A.: Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Cu-Mn substituted BaFe12 O 19 hexaferrites. Ceram. Int. 43, 15486–15492 (2017)
Sreedhar, B., Kumar, A.S., Reddy, P.S.: Magnetically separable Fe3O4 nanoparticles: an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of propargylamines. Tetrahedron. Lett. 51(14), 1891–1895 (2010)
Baykal, A., Esir, S., Demir, A., Güner, S.: Magnetic and optical properties of Cu1−xZnxFe2 O 4 nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix by a sol-gel auto-combustion method. Ceram. Int. 41, 231–239 (2015)
Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., Baykal, A.: Structural and magnetic properties of Ce-doped strontium hexaferrite. Ceram. Int. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.101
Güner, S., Amir, Md., Geleri, M., Sertkol, M., Baykal, A.: Magneto-optical properties of Mn3+ substituted Fe3 O 4 nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 41, 10915–10922 (2015)
Najmoddin, N., Beitollahi, A., Devlin, E., Kavas, H., Mohseni, S.M., Åkerman, J., Niarchos, D., Rezaie, H., Muhammed, M., Toprak, M.S.: Magnetic properties of crystalline mesoporous Zn-substituted copper ferrite synthesized under nanoconfinement in silica matrix. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 190, 346–355 (2014)
Najmoddin, N., Beitollahi, A., Kavas, H., Majid Mohseni, S., Rezaie, H., Åkerman, J., Toprak, M.S.: XRD cation distribution and magnetic properties of mesoporous Zn-substituted CuFe2 O 4. Ceram. Int. 40, 3619–3625 (2014)
Coey, J.M.D.: Noncollinear spin arrangement in ultrafine ferrimagnetic crystallites. Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1140–1142 (1971)
Pankhurst, Q.A., Pollard, R.J.: Origin of the spin-canting anomaly in small ferrimagnetic particles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 248–250 (1991)
del Muro, M.G., Batlle, X., Labarta, A.: Erasing the glassy state in magnetic fine particles. Phys. Rev. B 59, 13584–13587 (1999)
Chen, J.P., Sorensen, C.M., Klabunde, K.J., Hadjipanayis, G.C., Devlin, E., Kostikas, A.: Size-dependent magnetic properties of MnFe2 O 4 fine particles synthesized by coprecipitation. Phys. Rev. B 54, 9288–9296 (1996)
Vollath, D., Szabó, D.V., Taylor, R.D., Willis, J.O.: Synthesis and magnetic properties of nanostructured maghemite. J. Mater. Res. 12, 2175–2182 (1997)
Bozorth, R.M., Tilden, E.F., Williams, A.J.: Anisotropy and magnetostriction of some ferrites. Phys. Rev. 99, 1788–1798 (1955)
Brabers, V.A.M.: Progress in spinel ferrite research. In: Buschow, K.H.J. (ed.) Handbook of Magnetic Materials, chapter 3, vol. 8, pp 189–324. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1995)
Jiang, J.Z., Goya, G.F., Rechenberg, H.R.: Magnetic properties of nanostructured CuFe2 O 4. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 11, 4063–4070 (1999)
Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., Güngüneş, H., El Sayed, H.S., Baykal, A.: AC susceptibility and Mossbauer study of Ce3+ ion substituted SrFe12 O 19 nanohexaferrites. Ceram. Int. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.064
Rondinone, A.J., Liu, C., Zhang, Z.J.: Determination of magnetic anisotropy distribution and anisotropy constant of manganese spinel ferrite nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 7967–7971 (2001)
Verma, K., Kumar, A., Varshney, D.: Effect of Zn and Mg do** on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of tetragonal CuFe2 O 4. Curr. Appl. Phys. 13, 467–473 (2013)
Baykal, A., Amir, Md., Güner, S., Sözeri, H.: Preparation and characterization of SPION functionalized via caffeic acid. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 395, 199–204 (2015)
Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., El Sayed, H.S., Baykal, A.: Structural and magnetic properties of Ce-Y substituted strontium nanohexaferrites. Ceram. Int. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.04.045
Carrey, J., Mehdaoui, B., Respaud, M.: Simple models for dynamics hysteresis loop calculations of magnetic single domain nanoparticles: application to magnetic hyperthermia optimization. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 083921 (2011)
Dobson, D., Linnett, J., Rahman, M.: Mössbauer studies of the charge transfer process in the system ZnxFe3−x O 4. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 31, 2727–2733 (1970)
Najmoddin, N., Beitollahi, A., Muhammed, M., Ansari, N., Devlin, E., Mohseni, S.M., Rezaie, H., Niarchos, D., Åkerman, J., Toprak, M.S.: Effect of nanoconfinement on the formation, structural transition and magnetic behavior of mesoporous copper ferrite. J. Alloys Compd. 598, 191–197 (2014)
Velinova, N., Petrova, T., Genova, I., Ivanova, I., Tsoncheva, T., Idakieva, V., Kuneva, B., Mitov, I.: Synthesis and Mössbauer spectroscopic investigation of copper-manganese ferrite catalysts for water-gas shift reaction and methanol decomposition. Mater. Res. Bull. 95, 556–562 (2017)
Ristić, M., Hannoyer, B., Popović, S., Musić, S., Bajraktaraj, N.: Ferritization of copper ions in the Cu–Fe–O system. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 77, 73–82 (2000)
Slimani, Y., Güngüneş, H., Nawaz, M., Manikandan, A., El Sayed, H.S., Almessiere, M.A., Sözeri, H., Shirsath, S.E., Ercan, I., Baykal, A.: Magneto-optical and microstructural properties of spinel cubic copper ferrites with Li-Al co-substitution. Ceram. Int. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.05.028
Ok, H.N., Baek, K.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, C.S.: Mössbauer study of Cu0.5Fe0.5Cr2 S 4. Phys. Rev. B 41, 62–64 (1990)
Baldha, G., Kulkarni, R.: Mössbauer study of the spinel system GexCu1−xFe2 O 4. Solid State Commun. 49, 169–172 (1984)
Thummer, K.P., Chhantbar, M.C., Modi, K.B., Baldha, G.J., Joshi, H.H.: Localized canted spin behaviour in ZnxMg1.5−xMn0.5FeO4 spinel ferrite system. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 280, 23–30 (2004)
Funding
The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) and Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC) of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University are highly acknowledged for providing the financial assistance for this study (project application number: 2017-605-IRMC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amir, M., Gungunes, H., Slimani, Y. et al. Mössbauer Studies and Magnetic Properties of Cubic CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles. J Supercond Nov Magn 32, 557–564 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4733-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4733-5