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Bamboo-like, oxygen-doped carbon tubes with hierarchical pore structure derived from polymer tubes for supercapacitor applications

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Abstract

In this paper, bamboo-like, O-doped carbon tubes with hierarchical pore structure have been fabricated by the direct pyrolysis of dual cross-linked polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) tubes. The bamboo-like, cross-linked PDVB tubes are firstly synthesized by cationic polymerization of divinylbenzene in cyclohexane using BF3/Et2O complex as the initiator. After a secondary cross-linking being imposed by Friedel–Crafts reaction in CCl4 using anhydrous AlCl3 as the catalyst, the obtained dual cross-linked, carboxylic acid functionalized PDVB tubes are directly subjected to pyrolysis, yielding bamboo-like, O-doped porous carbons. The resultant O-doped porous carbon tubes (BCTF-900, pyrolyzed at 900 °C) exhibit a trimodal pore structure (micro-, meso-, and macropores) with a relatively high specific surface area of 595 m2 g−1 and a low total pore volume of 0.37 cm3 g−1. Such bamboo-like carbon tubes display good volumetric capacitive performance (254 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1), moderate volumetric energy density (12.9 Wh L−1 at 428 W L−1), and excellent cycling stability (the capacitance retention has remained at 96.9% after 10000 cycles at 2 A g−1). Due to their unique bamboo-like architecture and trimodal pore structure, the PDVB-derived carbon tubes should have widely application prospect.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from Program for NSFC (51272219), RFDP (20124301110006), and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, **angtan University, **angtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Zhenyu Xu, Yijiang Liu, Hongbiao Chen, Mei Yang & Huaming Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, **angtan University, **angtan, 411105, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Huaming Li

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  1. Zhenyu Xu
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  2. Yijiang Liu
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  3. Hongbiao Chen
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Correspondence to Hongbiao Chen or Huaming Li.

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Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Chen, H. et al. Bamboo-like, oxygen-doped carbon tubes with hierarchical pore structure derived from polymer tubes for supercapacitor applications. J Mater Sci 52, 7781–7793 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1064-z

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