SpringerLink
Log in

Wet fiber shear flexibility and its contribution to the overall transverse deformation of fibers

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new method has been developed for measuring not only bending but also shear flexibility of pulp fibers by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Based on the Steadman and Luner method, a two-stage wet pressing process was used which enabled both bending and shear flexibility and both bending and shear modulii of fibers to be determined with a single test. Three types of fibers, i.e., bleached spruce Kraft Pulp (BKP), aspen bleached chemi-themomechanical pulp (BCTMP), and aspen themomechanical pulp (CTMP), were tested. Results show that the longitudinal elastic modulii of the fibers are in a range of 3–37 GPa, and the transverse shear modulii of them are in a range of 27–103 MPa. It was also found that the shear contribution to the overall fiber deformation ranged from 60% to 90% for the fibers measured. This substantiates the concept of shear contribution to measured fiber flexibility as proposed by Waterhouse and Page.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Forgracs OL, Robertson AA, Mason SG (1957) In: 1st fundamental research symposium, Cambridge, p 447

  2. Samuelsson LG (1963) Sven Papperstidn 15(1):S41

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kuhn DCS, Lu X, Olson JA, Robertson AG (1995) J Pulp Pap Sci 21(1):337

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tam Doo PA, Kerekes RJ (1981) Tappi J 64:113

    Google Scholar 

  5. Steadman R, Luner P (1981) 8th fundamental research symposium, p 211

  6. Waterhouse JF, Page DH (2004) Nord Pulp Pap Res J 19:89. doi:https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2004-19-01-p089-092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mohlin UB (1975) Sven Papperstidn 78(11):412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ruhlemann F (1926) Pap Trade J 82(13):T168

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jayne BA (1959) Tappi J 42:461

    Google Scholar 

  10. Leopold B (1966) Tappi J 49:315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Page DH, El-Hosseiny F, Winkler K (1971) Nature 229:252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/229252a0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ehrnrooth EML, Kolseth P (1984) Wood Fiber Sci 16(4):549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Page DH, El-Hossiny F, Winkler K, Lancaster APS (1970) Tappi J 60(4):114

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mark RE (2002) Handbook of physical testing of paper II, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York

  15. Mark RE (1967) Cell wall mechanics of tracheids, Yale University

  16. Mcmillin CW (1974) Sven Papperstidn 77(9):319

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kolseth P, De R (1978) In: General constitutive relations for wood and wood-based materials, Syracuse University, pp 57–59

  18. Nato T, Usuda M, Kadoya T (1983) Proc 1983 Int. Paper Physics Conf. Atlanta, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, pp 197–201

    Google Scholar 

  19. Faure JP, Lariviere JP, Bacon C, Pouyet J (1997) Exp Mech 37:344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02317429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Naito T, Usuda M, Kadoya T (1980) Tappi J 63:115

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hartler N, Nyren J (1970) Tappi J 73(5):820

    Google Scholar 

  22. Scallan AM, Tigerström AC (1992) J Pulp Pap Sci 18(5):J188

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dunford JA, Wild PM (2002) J Pulp Pap Sci 28:136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chhabra N, Spelt JK, Yip CM, Kortschot MT (2005) J Pulp Pap Sci 31:52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Scallan AM, Tigerstrom AC (1992) J Pulp Pap Sci 18:188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yan D, Li K (2007) J Mater Sci. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2085-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yan D, Li K, Zhou Y (2008) Tappi J 91:25

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ebeling K (1976) In: Bolam F (ed) Technical division. BPBIF, London, pp 304–335

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nesbakk T, Helle T (2002) Proceeding of 88th annual meeting of pulp and paper technical association of Canada, p 113

  30. Gao Y, Li K, Wang Z (2007) Pulp Pap Can 108(1):44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gere JM, Timoshenko SP (1990) Mechanics of materials, PWS-KENT, USA

  32. Abramoff MD, Magelhaes PJ, Ram SJ (2004) Biophotonics Int 11(7):36

    Google Scholar 

  33. Harlick RM, Linda GS (1992) Computer and robot vision. Addison-Wesley

  34. Li K, Tan X, Yan D (2006) Surf Interface Anal 38(1):1328. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.2454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cousins WJ (1976) Wood Fiber Sci 10:9

    Google Scholar 

  36. Nyren J (1971) Pulp Pap Can 72(10):T321

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wild P, Omholt I, Steinke D, Schuetze A (2005) J Pulp Pap Sci 31:116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lowe R, Ragauskas A, Page DH (2005) In: I’Anson SJ (ed) Advances in paper science and technology, Proc 13th fundamental research symposium, FRC Manchester, p 921

  39. Da Silva EC (1983) In: Tappi proceedings 1983 International paper physics conference, p 13

  40. Lossada AA (1998) Paperi ja Puu 80:257

    Google Scholar 

  41. Paavilainen L (1993) Paperi ja Puu 75(9):689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lawryshyn YA, Kuhn DCS (1996) J Pulp Pap Sci 22(1):423

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to acknowledge the financial support of AIF, CFI, and NBIF to this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Limerick Pulp and Paper Research and Education Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 6C2

    Dongbo Yan & Kecheng Li

Authors
  1. Dongbo Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kecheng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dongbo Yan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yan, D., Li, K. Wet fiber shear flexibility and its contribution to the overall transverse deformation of fibers. J Mater Sci 43, 7210–7218 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2958-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2958-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation