Abstract
Objectives
Empathy and compassion are important components of prosocial behaviour which can lead to greater peer acceptance and positive relationships in children and adolescents. As mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to be effective in increasing empathy and compassion among adults, we aimed to systematically review the current literature to see if mindfulness-based interventions increased empathy and compassion in children and adolescents.
Methods
We systematically searched six databases, yielding 540 potentially relevant papers. Eight additional papers were identified through hand searching. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, the first two authors independently applied the inclusion/exclusion criteria to 34 full-text papers, leaving 16 eligible for inclusion. Studies that contained children and adolescents between 5 and 18 years old, measured empathy or compassion in some form and contained a mindfulness-based intervention were included. The first two authors independently checked the studies for methodological quality and data were extracted and synthesised narratively.
Results
We found convincing support in favour of MBIs increasing empathy in children and adolescents. Further, there was some evidence to suggest that MBIs increase self-compassion amongst this population and that this was correlated with an increase in mindfulness. Due to poor methodological quality in many of the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution.
Conclusions
MBIs may be effective in increasing empathy and compassion in children and adolescents. Future research should concentrate on examining the mechanisms of change and the long-term effects of these interventions among a variety of different age groups and neurodiversity.
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R.C. designed the study, conducted the literature search and study selection, performed the data extraction and quality assessment, synthesised the data narratively and wrote the paper. A.G. contributed to literature search, study selection and quality assessment. E.S. contributed to the design of the study, the drafting and editing of the final manuscript.
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Cheang, R., Gillions, A. & Sparkes, E. Do Mindfulness-Based Interventions Increase Empathy and Compassion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Child Fam Stud 28, 1765–1779 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01413-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01413-9