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Effects of riparian forest buffers and agricultural land use on macroinvertebrate and fish community structure

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Abstract

Although forested riparian buffers can improve stream habitat, there remains debate as to whether biotic integrity can be maintained by buffers in highly degraded watersheds. To determine if forest buffers can ameliorate cropland impacts, we examined macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in headwater streams categorized into three land use groups (High Buffer-Low Agriculture, High Buffer-High Agriculture, Low Buffer-High Agriculture). Sampling was conducted seasonally over 3 years to explore temporal patterns in biotic assemblages related to land use, instream habitat, and water quality parameters. Macroinvertebrate and fish abundance were higher in low buffer streams due to large numbers of pollution tolerant taxa and herbivores that proliferated with increased periphyton. In contrast, High Buffer-Low Agriculture streams had the best biotic integrity likely due to increased depth and better habitat quality. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations of macroinvertebrate taxa showed no separations, but fish communities were significantly different among all three land use groups. Findings suggest fish community structure is more sensitive than macroinvertebrates to agricultural influences at both the riparian and watershed scales. Our study provides information on the effects of riparian vegetation on agricultural stream communities and highlights the importance of managing riparian forests to conserve stream biotic integrity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Shaun Chow, Hannah Grant, Christine Milne, and undergraduates at the University of Illinois for help in the field and laboratory. Funding for this project was provided by the Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Illinois American Fisheries Society, Illinois Natural History Survey, and the Illinois Wildlife Preservation Fund administered through the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. We also thank the staff at the Illinois Natural History Survey’s Kaskaskia Biological Station, as well as University of Illinois graduate students for their valuable feedback, particularly Scott Collins and Anthony Porreca for their manuscript reviews. We would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers that contributed to improving the manuscript.

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  1. Eden L. Effert-Fanta

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  1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA

    Eden L. Effert-Fanta & David H. Wahl

  2. College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, PO Box 83, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA

    Robert U. Fischer

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Effert-Fanta, E.L., Fischer, R.U. & Wahl, D.H. Effects of riparian forest buffers and agricultural land use on macroinvertebrate and fish community structure. Hydrobiologia 841, 45–64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04006-1

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