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Genomic-based-breeding tools for tropical maize improvement

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Abstract

Maize has traditionally been the main staple diet in the Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and widely grown by millions of resource poor small scale farmers. Approximately, 35.4 million hectares are sown to tropical maize, constituting around 59% of the develo** worlds. Tropical maize encounters tremendous challenges besides poor agro-climatic situations with average yields recorded <3 tones/hectare that is far less than the average of developed countries. On the contrary to poor yields, the demand for maize as food, feed, and fuel is continuously increasing in these regions. Heterosis breeding introduced in early 90 s improved maize yields significantly, but genetic gains is still a mirage, particularly for crop growing under marginal environments. Application of molecular markers has accelerated the pace of maize breeding to some extent. The availability of array of sequencing and genoty** technologies offers unrivalled service to improve precision in maize-breeding programs through modern approaches such as genomic selection, genome-wide association studies, bulk segregant analysis-based sequencing approaches, etc. Superior alleles underlying complex traits can easily be identified and introgressed efficiently using these sequence-based approaches. Integration of genomic tools and techniques with advanced genetic resources such as nested association map** and backcross nested association map** could certainly address the genetic issues in maize improvement programs in develo** countries. Huge diversity in tropical maize and its inherent capacity for doubled haploid technology offers advantage to apply the next generation genomic tools for accelerating production in marginal environments of tropical and subtropical world. Precision in phenoty** is the key for success of any molecular-breeding approach. This article reviews genomic technologies and their application to improve agronomic traits in tropical maize breeding has been reviewed in detail.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Suri M. Sehgal, founder of SM Sehgal foundation for his continuous support and encouragement for corn improvement in develo** countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sehgal Foundation, C/o International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, Telangana, India

    Thammineni Chakradhar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Vemuri Hindu

  3. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, Telangana, India

    Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy

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  1. Thammineni Chakradhar
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  2. Vemuri Hindu
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Correspondence to Thammineni Chakradhar.

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Chakradhar, T., Hindu, V. & Reddy, P.S. Genomic-based-breeding tools for tropical maize improvement. Genetica 145, 525–539 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-9981-y

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