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An approach to stimulate the sustainability of an eco-industrial park using coupled emergy and system dynamics

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Abstract

Using an emergy and system dynamics model, this paper proposes a dynamic evaluation method for the sustainable development of eco-industrial parks and conducts an empirical analysis of the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ). Four SETDZ’s development scenarios were designed, including inertia, economic, environmental protection, and science and technology scenarios, and the sustainable development status of each scenario was simulated and dynamically evaluated. In this paper, emergy analysis and SD method are used to simulate the changes of system functional elements and emergy evaluation indexes of SETDZ. The results show that under the coordinated development of the economy and environment, the science and technology scenario based on high-tech investment is the best development strategy for SETDZ. The sustainability of the SETDZ greatly improved on the implementation of the circular economic model, and the sustainable development indicator of the science and technology scenario increased from 3.59E-02 (2014) to 8.16E-02 (2024). Furthermore, SETDZ could achieve the coordinated development of the economy and environment owing to the reasonable layout of industrial enterprises, integration of public resources, effective utilization and disposal of waste, establishment of an enterprise symbiosis system, development of cleaner production, and other measures.

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China, 71701137, Miao Yu, 51678375, Chunguang Chang, Science Research Project of Liaoning Department of Education, lnqn202029, Miao Yu, Social and Science Foundation of Liaoning, L20BJY010, Yu Zhao, Foundation of Liaoning Province Education Administration, lnms 202140, Yu Zhao.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Zhao, Miao Yu, Yinghui **ang & Chunguang Chang

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  1. Yu Zhao
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Correspondence to Miao Yu.

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Appendix

Appendix

1.1 Appendix 1: Dynamic equations of the ecosystem

  1. (1)

    INITIAL TIME = 2009

  2. (2)

    FINAL TIME = 2028

  3. (3)

    TIME STEP = 1

  4. (4)

    SAVEPER = TIME STEP

  5. (5)

    Urban eco-efficiency indicator (UEI) = Emergy yield ratio (EYR)*(1-Ratio of wastes to the total emergy (EWR))*(1-Ratio of wastes to the total emergy (EWR))*(1-Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N)/Total emergy (U))*(1-"Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N)/Total emergy (U))

  6. (6)

    Increment of nonrenewable resources = WITH LOOKUP (Time, ([(0, − 0.08) − (4000, 20)], (2008, 0), (2009, 0.0098), (2010, 0.0023), (2011, − 0.0545), (2012, 0.0103), (2013, − 0.06), (2014, 0.017142), (2015, 0.0304), (2016, 0.1315), (2017, − 0.0327), (2018, − 0.01063), (2019, 0.002), (2020, 0.002), (2021, 0.002), (2022, 0.0019), (2023, 0.0018), (2024, 0.0017), (2025, 0.0016), (2026, 0.0015), (2027, 0.0014), (2028, 0.0013)))

  7. (7)

    Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N) = INTEG (Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N)*Increment of nonrenewable resources, 6.05e + 021)

  8. (8)

    Increment of renewable natural resources (R) = WITH LOOKUP (Time, ([(0, − 0.1) − (4000, 20)], (2008, 0), (2009, 0.0602), (2010, 0.0624), (2011, 0.0602), (2012, − 0.00424), (2013, 0.016), (2014, − 0.0609), (2015, 0.0479), (2016, 0.0299), (2017, 0.0109), (2018, 0.09642), (2019, 0.016), (2020, 0.016), (2021, 0.016), (2022, 0.016), (2023, 0.016), (2024, 0.016), (2025, 0.016), (2026, 0.016), (2027, 0.016), (2028, 0.016)))

  9. (9)

    Emergy of renewable natural resources (R) = INTEG (Emergy of renewable natural resources (R)*Increment of renewable natural resources (R), 4.54e + 020)

  10. (10)

    Increment of purchased emergy = WITH LOOKUP (Time, ([(0, − 0.1) − (4000, 4000)], (2008, 0), (2009, − 0.0486), (2010, 0.0043), (2011, − 0.0183), (2012,− 0.0453), (2013, − 0.0344), (2014, 0.04317), (2015, − 0.0395), (2016, − 0.0665), (2017, − 0.0425), (2018, − 0.03959), (2019, 0.013), (2020, − 0.014), (2021, − 0.014), (2022, − 0.014), (2023, − 0.014), (2024, − 0.014), (2025, − 0.014), (2026, − 0.014), (2027, − 0.014), (2028, 0.041)))

  11. (11)

    Purchased emergy (F) = INTEG (Increment of purchased emergy*"Purchased emergy (F), 1.25e + 022)

  12. (12)

    Total emergy (U) = Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N) + Emergy of renewable natural resources (R) + Purchased emergy (F)

  13. (13)

    Population = INTEG (births + immigration − deaths − emigration, 907,000)

  14. (14)

    Births = Population * birth rate

  15. (15)

    Deaths = Population * death rate

  16. (16)

    Emigration = Population * emigration rate

  17. (17)

    Immigration = Population * immigration rate

  18. (18)

    Immigration rate = 0.33–STEP (0.2, 2015)–STEP (0.1, 2018)

  19. (19)

    Internal circulate emergy = waste emergy (W)* utilization of waste emergy

  20. (20)

    Ratio of wastes to the total emergy = waste emergy (W)/Total emergy (U)

  21. (21)

    Emergy of renewable resource = Internal circulate emergy + Emergy of renewable natural resources (R)

  22. (22)

    Emergy ratio of circulation system = Internal circulate emergy/Total emergy (U)

  23. (23)

    Yield emergy (Y) = Total emergy (U) − emergy reduction

  24. (24)

    Labor force = employment rate*Population

  25. (25)

    Emergy input (I) = Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N) + Emergy of renewable natural resources (R) + Purchased emergy (F) + Monetary total

  26. (26)

    Emergy ratio of renewable resource = emergy of renewable resource/ Total emergy (U)

  27. (27)

    Newly added fixed assets = WITH LOOKUP (Time, ([(0, − 0.4) − (4000, 20)], (2008, 0), (2009, − 0.078), (2010, − 0.073), (2011, 0.065), (2012, − 0.083), (2013, 0.044), (2014, − 0.0483), (2015, − 0.04445), (2016, − 0.0437), (2017, 0.0487), (2018, 0.0729), (2019, − 0.0437), (2020, − 0.065), (2021, − 0.00437), (2022, − 0.00437), (2023, − 0.00437), (2024, − 0.00437), (2025, − 0.00437), (2026, − 0.00437), (2027, − 0.00437), (2028, − 0.00437)))

  28. (28)

    Monetary increment = Newly added fixed assets* Depreciation rate

  29. (29)

    GDP = GDP of Primary industry + GDP of Secondary industry + GDP of tertiary industry

  30. (30)

    GDP of Primary industry = GDP growth of Primary industry/GDP growth rate of Primary industry

  31. (31)

    GDP of Secondary industry = GDP growth of Secondary industry/GDP growth rate of Secondary industry

  32. (32)

    GDP of tertiary industry = GDP growth of tertiary industry / GDP growth rate of tertiary industry

  33. (33)

    Monetary total = INTEG (monetary increment- monetary reduction, 790,000)

  34. (34)

    emergy output(O) = yield emergy(Y) + emergy reduction- Internal circulate emergy

  35. (35)

    Sustainable development index (ESI) = Emergy yield ratio (EYR)/Environmental load ratio (ELR)

  36. (36)

    Environmental load ratio (ELR) = (Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N) + Purchased emergy (F))/Emergy of renewable natural resources (R)

  37. (37)

    Ratio of emergy to GDP (EDR) = Total emergy (U)/GDP

  38. (38)

    Ratio of wastes to the total emergy (EWR) = Emergy of wastes (W)/Total emergy (U)

  39. (39)

    Emergy use per person (EP) = Total emergy (U)/Population

  40. (40)

    Emergy density (ED) = Total emergy (U)/Area

  41. (41)

    Area = 4.84583e + 006

  42. (42)

    Emergy investment ratio (EIR) = Purchased emergy (F)/(Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N) + Emergy of renewable natural resources (R))

  43. (43)

    Carrying population rate = (Emergy of renewable natural resources (R) + Emergy of nonrenewable resource (N))/Total emergy (U)

  44. (44)

    Carrying population (CP) = Carrying population rate*Population

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Zhao, Y., Yu, M., **ang, Y. et al. An approach to stimulate the sustainability of an eco-industrial park using coupled emergy and system dynamics. Environ Dev Sustain 25, 11531–11556 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02541-x

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