SpringerLink
Log in

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of lead(II) as 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine chelates from food and water samples

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for lead(II) as its 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine complex has been established prior to its microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. The influences of various analytical parameters including pH, solvent type and volume, dispersive solvent type and volume, 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine amount, salt effect, and centrifugation time and speed were investigated. The effects of certain alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions on the quantitative extraction of lead(II) were also studied. Quantitative recoveries were obtained at pH 6. The enrichment factor was calculated as 125. The detection limit for lead is 1.1 μg/L. The accuracy of the method was tested with the additions recovery test and analysis of the standard reference materials (SPS-WW2 waste water, NIST SRM 1515 apple leaves, and TMDA-51.3 fortified water). Applications of the present procedure were tested by analyzing water and food samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdolmohammad-Zadeh, H., & Talleb, Z. (2014). Magnetite-doped eggshell membrane as a magnetic sorbent for extraction of aluminum(III) ions prior to their fluorometric determination. Microchimica Acta, 181, 1797–1805.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, H., Herbert, J., & Altendorfer, K. (2013). Influence of dispatching rules on average production lead time for multi-stage production systems. International Journal of Production Economics, 144, 479–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, A., Ensafi, A., & Shiraz, Z. (2008). On-line separation and preconcentration of lead(II) by solid-phase extraction using activated carbon loaded with xylenol orange and its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 554–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alizadeh, K., Hadi, N., Somaieh, H., Payman, H., Ali, K., Mojtaba, S., Mohammad, R. G., & Faridbod, F. (2013). Selective dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and preconcentration of Ni(II) into a micro droplet followed by ETAAS determination using a yellow Schiff’s base bisazanyl derivative. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 33, 916–922.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin, N., Anwar, H., Sidra, A., & Begum, S. (2013). Accumulation of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables irrigated with waste water and their daily intake to adults and children, District Mardan, Pakistan. Food Chemistry, 136, 1515–1523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aristidis, N., & Anthemidis, N. (2008). Automatic sequential injection liquid–liquid micro-extraction system for on-line flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace metal in water samples. Talanta, 77, 541–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aristidis, N., Anthemidis, N., Georgia, G., Sofia, X., & Miró, M. (2011). On-line sorptive preconcentration platform incorporating a readily exchangeable Oasis HLB extraction micro-cartridge for trace cadmium and lead determination by flow injection–flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchemical Journal, 98, 66–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahadir, Z., Bulut, V. N., Ozdes, D., Duran, C., Bektas, H., & Soylak, M. (2014). Separation and preconcentration of lead, chromium and copper by using with the combination coprecipitation-flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 1030–1034.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behzad, S. K., Balati, A., Amini, M. M., & Ghanbari, M. (2014). Triazine-modified magnetite nanoparticles as a novel sorbent for preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions. Microchimica Acta, 181, 1781–1788.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Divrikli, U., Akdogan, A., Soylak, M., & Elci, L. (2007). Solid-phase extraction of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cr(III) in environmental samples on amberlite XAD-7 and their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, 331–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaber, E. E., Mourad, A. M., Zeid, A. A., Mohamed, H., & Giesy, J. P. (2014). Seasonal concentrations of lead in outdoor and indoor dust and blood of children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36, 583–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaedi, M., Tavallali, T., Shokrollahi, A., Zahedi, M., Montazerozohori, M., & Soylak, M. (2009). Flame Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of zinc, nickel, iron and lead in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated alumina as their bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-1,3-propanediimine chelates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166, 1441–1448.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaedi, M., Niknam, K., Taheri, K., Hosseinian, H., & Soylak, M. (2010a). Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper, zinc and manganese after solid phase extraction using 2,6-dichlorophenyl-3,3-bis(indolyl)methane loaded on amberlite XAD-16. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 891–897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaedi, M., Marahel, F., Shokrollahi, A., Montazerozohori, M., & Soylak, M. (2010b). Development of a flotation method for preconcentration–Separation of trace amounts of some metal ions in plant tissues prior to their FAAS determinations. Quimica Nova, 33, 404–410.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi, J., Nikrahi, A., & Niazi, A. (2005). Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of barium and strontium by 18-crown-6 and rose Bengal using partial least squares. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 29, 669–678.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gouda, A. A. (2014). Solid-phase extraction using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and quinalizarin for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of some heavy metals in food, water and environmental samples. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 94, 1210–1222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gracas, M. A., Korn, J. B., Andrade, D. S., Jesus, V. A., Lemos, M. L. S. F., Bandeira, W. N. L., Santos, M. A. B., Fabio, A. C., Amorim, A. S., Souza, S., & Ferreira, L. C. (2006). Separation and preconcentration procedures for the determination of lead using spectrometric techniques. Talanta, 69, 16–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hongbo, X., Yun, W., Jian, W., Xuewei, S., & Jiang, X. (2013). Simultaneous preconcentration of cadmium and lead in water samples with silica gel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25, 45–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalbani, N., & Soylak, M. (2014). Ligandless surfactant mediated solid phase extraction combined with Fe3O4 nano-particle for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium and lead in water and soil samples followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: multivariate strategy. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 174–178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jandyra, B. P., Flavia, F. B., Fabricia, P. L., Miekeley, N., & Donangelo, C. M. (2001). Lead levels in erythrocytes and biomarkers of bone turnover in pregnant and lactating women with marginal calcium intakes. Nutrition Research, 21, 831–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kacar, D. S., Orhan, T., & Soylak, M. (2007). Dysprosium(III) hydroxide coprecipitation system for the separation and preconcentration of heavy metal contents of table salts and natural waters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143, 555–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, P., Hu, B., Jiang, Z. C., Qin, Y. C., & Peng, T. Y. (2001). Nanometer-sized titanium dioxide micro-column on-line preconcentration of La, Y, Yb, Eu, Dy and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 16(8), 863–866.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, P., Qin, Y. C., Hu, B., Li, C. X., Peng, T. Y., & Jiang, Z. C. (2000). Study of the adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions on nanometer-size titanium dioxide with ICP-AES. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 368(6), 638–640.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthew, A. S., Claire, C. B., & Styka, T. (1996). Use of the centers for disease control and prevention childhood lead poisoning risk questionnaire to predict blood lead elevations in pregnant women. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 87, 209–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendil, D., Celik, F., Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2009). Assessment of trace metal levels in some moss and lichen Samples collected from near the motorway in Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166, 1344–1350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirzaei, M., Mansoureh, B., Nasrin, M. A., & Beizaei, A. (2011). Simultaneous separation/preconcentration of ultra trace heavy metals in industrial wastewaters by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, 1739–1743.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, A., Kimura, A., & Tao, T. (2008). Determination of indium in sea water around Japan and in the Pacific Ocean by ICP-MS after preconcentration using Chelex-100 chelating resin. Bunseki Kagaku, 57, 555–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, G., Odin, G. P., Pradell, T., Shortland, A. J., & Tite, M. S. (2014). Tite Production technology and replication of lead antimonate yellow glass from New Kingdom Egypt and the Roman Empire. Journal of Archaeological Science, 41, 171–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramandi, N. F., Shemirani, F., & Farahani, M. D. (2014). Dispersive solid phase extraction of lead(II) using a silica nanoparticle-based ionic liquid ferrofluid. Microchimica Acta, 181, 1833–1841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin, C. A., Ilknur, T., & Bektaş, S. (2010). Preconcentration and determination of iron and copper in spice samples by cloud point extraction and flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181, 359–365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saracoglu, S., Tuzen, M., Mendil, D., Soylak, M., Elci, L., & Dogan, M. (2004). Heavy metal content of hard biscuits produced in Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 73, 264–269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saracoglu, S., Soylak, M., Elci, L., & Dogan, M. (2002a). Determination of Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr in natural water Samples after solid phase extraction on chromosorb 102. Analytical Letters, 35, 2603–2616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saracoglu, S., Divrikli, U., Soylak, M., & Elci, L. (2002b). Determination of copper, iron, lead, Cadmium, cobalt and nickel by Atomic absorption Spectrometry in baking powder and baking Soda Samples after preconcentration and separation. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10, 188–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saracoglu, S., Soylak, M., & Elci, L. (2001). Determination of trace impurities in Cadmium Compounds by flame atomic absorption Spectrometry after solid phase extraction. Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, 46, 123–129.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., Narin, I., & Dogan, M. (1997). Trace enrichment and atomic absorption spectrometric Determination of lead, copper, cadmium and nickel in drinking water samples by use of an activated carbon column. Analytical Letters, 30, 2801–2810.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., & Elci, L. (2000). Solid phase extraction of trace metal ions in drinking water samples from Kayseri-Turkey. Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques, 18, 397–403.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., Saracoglu, S., Elci, L., & Dogan, M. (2003). Solid phase preconcentration and separation of copper, nickel and lead in haemodialysis concentrates and urine on amberlite XAD-1180 resin. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 30, 95–109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., Colak, H., & Turkoglu, O. (2006). Heavy metal content of Some cereals, spices and pulses from Middle Anatolia Region of Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15, 345–348.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Souza, A. S., Korn, M. G. A., & Ferreira, S. L. C. (2007). Optimization of microwave assisted Digestion procedure for the determination of zinc, copper and nickel in tea samples employing flame atomic Absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149, 264–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soylak, M., & Yilmaz, E. (2010). Sorbent extraction of 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR)-metal chelates on Diaion SP-850 Adsorption resin in order to preconcentration/separation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182, 704–709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stafilov, T., Pavlovska, G., & Cundeva, K. (2000). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of nickel after its flotation enrichment by iron(III) hexamethylenedithiocarbamate. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 24, 303–310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tassist, A., Lounici, H., Abdi, N., & Mameri, N. (2010). Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on aluminum biosorption by a mycelial biomass (Streptomyces rimosus). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183, 35–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101, 1378–1382.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuzen, M., Karaman, I., Citak, D., & Soylak, M. (2009). Mercury(II) and methyl mercury determinations in water and fish Samples by using solid phase extraction and cold vapour Atomic absorption spectrometry combination. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 1648–1652.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaichamy, S., & Palanivelu, K. (2011). Preconcentration and separation of copper, nickel and zinc in aqueous samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after column solid-phase extraction onto MWCNTs impregnated with D2EHPA-TOPO mixture. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185, 1131–1139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. Z., Qiu, H. O., Tang, Z. Y., Gu, Y. S., & Zhang, S. Q. (2007). Determination of Cd in sediment samples by flow injection on-line anion exchange combined with vapour generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 27(12), 2581–2584.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Yu, X., Chen, L., **g, Y., & Ge, Z. (2010). Study of 63Ni adsorption on NKF-6 zeolite. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101, 1061–1069.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through Research Group no. RGP-VPP-043.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Zeid A. Alothman & Mohamed A. Habila

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Nora H. Al-Shaalan

  3. Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250, Tokat, Turkey

    Yunus E. Unsal & Mustafa Tuzen

  4. Erciyes University, Fen Fakultesi, Department of Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Mustafa Soylak

Authors
  1. Zeid A. Alothman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nora H. Al-Shaalan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed A. Habila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yunus E. Unsal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mustafa Tuzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mustafa Soylak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mustafa Soylak.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alothman, Z.A., Al-Shaalan, N.H., Habila, M.A. et al. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of lead(II) as 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine chelates from food and water samples. Environ Monit Assess 187, 9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4160-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4160-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation