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Biological control of peach brown rot (Monilinia spp.) by Bacillus subtilis CPA-8 is based on production of fengycin-like lipopeptides

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Abstract

Bacillus subtilis CPA-8, a strain with demonstrated ability to control Monilinia spp. in peaches, was studied to elucidate its mechanisms of antifungal activity. Growth inhibition assays using cell-free supernatants and butanolic extracts showed strong antifungal activities against Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructicola. By comparison with the reference B. subtilis strains UMAF6614 and UMAF6639, fengycin, iturin and surfactin lipopeptides were identified by thin layer chromatography in butanolic extracts from cell-free supernatants, indicating that antibiosis could be a major factor involved in the biological control ability of CPA-8. TLC-bioautography analysis confirmed the presence of fengycin, iturin and surfactin lipopeptides but strong antifungal activity could be associated only with fengycin lipopeptides. These results were definitively supported by mutagenesis analysis targeted to suppress fengycin biosynthesis by disruption of the B. subtilis fenB gene. By TLC-bioautography analysis it was possible to identify transformants from CPA-8 with reduced or suppressed antifungal activity, and this phenotype was associated with the lack of fengycin bands. Fruit trials confirmed that fengycin-defective mutants and their cell-free supernatants lost their ability to control peach brown rot disease in comparison with CPA-8 wild type strain or Serenade Max®, a commercial formulation based on B. subtilis. Furthermore, population dynamics studies determined that CPA-8 fengycin-deficient mutants survived in wounds in peach fruit equally well as the CPA-8 wild type. Taken together our data indicate that fengycin-like lipopeptides play a major role in the biological control potential of B. subtilis CPA-8 against peach brown rot.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Cooperación, Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) for grant scholarship 0000308852 (V. Yánez-Mendizábal), Plan Nacional de I+D+I of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL2007-65340-CO2-01), co-financed with FEDER funds (European Union), the REDBIO European Project and the UdL (University of Lleida) Organic Project 2009 for their financial support.

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  1. IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain

    Viviana Yánez-Mendizábal, Rosario Torres, Josep Usall & Neus Teixidó

  2. Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Bulevar Louis Pasteur-Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    Houda Zeriouh, Antonio de Vicente & Alejandro Pérez-García

  3. UdL, XaRTA-Postharvest, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain

    Inmaculada Viñas

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  1. Viviana Yánez-Mendizábal
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  3. Inmaculada Viñas
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Correspondence to Neus Teixidó.

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Yánez-Mendizábal, V., Zeriouh, H., Viñas, I. et al. Biological control of peach brown rot (Monilinia spp.) by Bacillus subtilis CPA-8 is based on production of fengycin-like lipopeptides. Eur J Plant Pathol 132, 609–619 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9905-0

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