Abstract
Tissue furnish optimization plays a key role in enhancing tissue properties, making the process cost-effective. Typically, this furnish is composed of a mixture of hardwood eucalyptus fibers (HW) and softwood (SW) fibers, which ensure strength and tissue machine runnability. However, the tissue paper production with the maximization of eucalyptus fibers achieves softer papers at less cost, since SW fibers are often more expensive than HW fibers. From this perspective, this study aims to investigate the effect of micro/nano-fibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC) as an additive, on structural, softness, strength, and water absorption properties of tissue papers, promoting partial or total removal of SW fibers to produce 100% eucalyptus materials. MFC/NFC was characterized in terms of morphological, chemical, and water interaction properties. The results showed that MFC/NFC presents a high bonding surface area, high carboxyl group content and, when incorporated into tissue furnishes, it promotes strong inter-fiber bonds. This evidence was also supported by SEM image analysis methods and FTIR. Additionally, laboratory tissue handsheets with low basis weight were produced and used in the characterization assays. Overall, the results indicated that MFC/NFC improved strength, at the expense of bulk, porosity, softness, and absorption properties. Compared to typical industrial furnish mixtures (75%HW + 25%SW), MFC/NFC enhanced the production of bulkier, porous, and softer structures, but with reduced strength and absorption. It was possible to optimize the furnish composition by using fiber modeling to obtain 3D structure computation simulations with predictive capability. The MFC/NFC proved to be a high-quality additive to improve softness and strength properties.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Project InPaCTus – Innovative Products and Technologies from eucalyptus, Project Nº 21 874 funded by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 nº 246/AXIS II/2017. The authors are also very grateful for the support given by Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI) on the extent of the project reference UIDB/00195/2020.
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Morais, F.P., Carta, A.M.M.S., Amaral, M.E. et al. Micro/nano-fibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC) fibers as an additive to maximize eucalyptus fibers on tissue paper production. Cellulose 28, 6587–6605 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03912-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03912-9