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Which cardiovascular magnetic resonance planes and sequences provide accurate measurements of branch pulmonary artery size in children with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction?

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Abstract

Children with right ventricular outflow tract obstructive (RVOTO) lesions require precise quantification of pulmonary artery (PA) size for proper management of branch PA stenosis. We aimed to determine which cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequences and planes correlated best with cardiac catheterization and surgical measurements of branch PA size. Fifty-five children with RVOTO lesions and biventricular circulation underwent CMR prior to; either cardiac catheterization (n = 30) or surgery (n = 25) within a 6 month time frame. CMR sequences included axial black blood, axial, coronal oblique and sagittal oblique cine balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP), and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with multiplanar reformatting in axial, coronal oblique, sagittal oblique, and cross-sectional planes. Maximal branch PA and stenosis (if present) diameter were measured. Comparisons of PA size on CMR were made to reference methods: (1) catheterization measurements performed in the anteroposterior plane at maximal expansion, and (2) surgical measurement obtained from a maximal diameter sound which could pass through the lumen. The mean differences (Δ) and intra class correlation (ICC) were used to determine agreement between different modalities. CMR branch PA measurements were compared to the corresponding cardiac catheterization measurements in 30 children (7.6 ± 5.6 years). Reformatted MRA showed better agreement for branch PA measurement (ICC > 0.8) than black blood (ICC 0.4–0.6) and cine sequences (ICC 0.6–0.8). Coronal oblique MRA and maximal cross sectional MRA provided the best correlation of right PA (RPA) size with ICC of 0.9 (Δ −0.1 ± 2.1 mm and Δ 0.5 ± 2.1 mm). Maximal cross sectional MRA and sagittal oblique MRA provided the best correlate of left PA (LPA) size (Δ 0.1 ± 2.4 and Δ −0.7 ± 2.4 mm). For stenoses, the best correlations were from coronal oblique MRA of right pulmonary artery (RPA) (Δ −0.2 ± 0.8 mm, ICC 0.9) and sagittal oblique MRA of left pulmonary artery (LPA) (Δ 0.2 ± 1.1 mm, ICC 0.9). CMR PA measurements were compared to surgical measurements in 25 children (5.4 ± 4.8 years). All MRI sequences demonstrated good agreement (ICC > 0.8) with the best (ICC 0.9) from axial cine bSSFP for both RPA and LPA. Maximal cross sectional and angulated oblique reformatted MRA provide the best correlation to catheterization for measurement of branch PA’s and stenosis diameter. This is likely due to similar angiographic methods based on reformatting techniques that transect the central axis of the arteries. Axial cine bSSFP CMR was the best surgically measured correlate of PA branch size due to this being a measure of stretched diameter. Knowledge of these differences provides more precise PA measurements and may aid catheter or surgical interventions for RVOTO lesions.

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Abbreviations

RVOTO:

Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction

PA:

Pulmonary artery

RPA:

Right pulmonary artery

LPA:

Left pulmonary artery

CMR:

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance

MRA:

Magnetic resonance angiography

bSSFP:

Balanced steady state free precession

ICC:

Intra class correlation coefficient of variance

TOF:

Tetralogy of Fallot

BSA:

Body surface area

RV-PA:

Right ventricular-pulmonary artery

APC:

Aortopulmonary collateral

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. David B Ross and Dr. Ivan Rebeyka for their great assistance in surgical measurement in Stollery Children Hospital and Dr. Kimberley A Myers who conduct MRI study in Alberta Children Hospital. We gratefully thank to administrators of the CMR imaging centres in Calgary and Edmonton, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory at t he Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta for their great assistance with the images and manuscript preparation. We also acknowledge Dr. Julaporn Pooliam, Clinical Epidemiology Unit Center, Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University for her assistance with the statistics.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Jennifer M. Rutledge, Edythe B. Tham, James Y. Coe, Luis Quinonez & Michelle Noga

  2. Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada

    David J. Patton

  3. Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada

    Chodchanok Vijarnsorn

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Chodchanok Vijarnsorn

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  1. Chodchanok Vijarnsorn
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Correspondence to Chodchanok Vijarnsorn.

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Vijarnsorn, C., Rutledge, J.M., Tham, E.B. et al. Which cardiovascular magnetic resonance planes and sequences provide accurate measurements of branch pulmonary artery size in children with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction?. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 30, 329–338 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0328-1

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