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Meat intake and bladder cancer in a prospective study: a role for heterocyclic aromatic amines?

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An Erratum to this article was published on 26 April 2008

Abstract

Background

The suspect carcinogens, heterocyclic amines (HAAs), found in well-done meat require host-mediated metabolic activation before inducing DNA mutations. The role of SULT1A1 and of NAT2 on the activation of HAAs suggests that NAT2 rapid acetylator genotype and SULT1A1 allele variants can have an effect on HAA carcinogenicity.

Methods

Data were collected as part of a case–control study nested within the EPIC cohort, the Gen Air investigation. EPIC is a prospective study designed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and cancer. Information was collected through a non-dietary questionnaire on lifestyle variables and through a dietary questionnaire. The subjects were restricted to non-smokers. We calculated the matched odds ratio for bladder cancer risk using logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders.

Results

There were 227 bladder cases and 612 controls matched 1:3. Meat intake and NAT2 genotype were not independently associated with bladder cancer risk. A significant relationship was observed between bladder cancer risk and consumption of meat only among subjects with the rapid NAT2 genotype (odds ratios [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 1.0–7.9 for the 2nd quartile of meat intake; 3.6, 95% CI 1.3–9.7 for the 3rd quartile; and 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–9.7 for the 4th quartile), and was not present among subjects with the slow genotype. An interaction between NAT2 and meat intake was found in logistic regression (P = 0.034). No association was observed for SULT1A *1/2 genotype (1.0; 95% CI 0.7–1.5) and for SULT1A1 *2/2 genotype (0.9; 95% CI 0.5–1.7).

Conclusions

These results are suggestive of a role of meat intake and NAT2 on bladder cancer risk. They support the hypothesis that among subjects with the rapid NAT2 acetylation genotype higher levels of HAAs exposure are a bladder cancer risk factor. We did not observe an effect of SULT1A1 allele variants on this cancer. The present study adds new information on the possible long-term adverse effects of diets with high meat intake.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was made possible by a grant of the European Community (5th Framework Program) to PV (GENAIR investigation, grant QLK4-CT-1999–00927) and a grant of the Compagnia di San Paolo to the ISI Foundation. All authors are independent from funders.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College London, London, UK

    B. Lumbreras

  2. Department of Public Health, University Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain

    B. Lumbreras

  3. CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

    B. Lumbreras

  4. Genetics Research Institute, Milano, Italy

    S. Garte

  5. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    K. Overvad

  6. Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark

    A. Tjonneland

  7. Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

    F. Clavel-Chapelon

  8. INSERM U521, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

    J. P. Linseisen

  9. Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany

    H. Boeing

  10. German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbucke, Germany

    A. Trichopoulou

  11. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    D. Palli

  12. Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO-Scientific Institute of Tuscany Region, Florence, Italy

    M. Peluso

  13. Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy

    V. Krogh

  14. Ragusa Cancer Registry, Sicily, Italy

    R. Tumino

  15. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy

    S. Panico

  16. Centre of Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands

    H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita

  17. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands

    P. H. Peeters

  18. Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway

    E. Lund

  19. Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain

    C. Martinez

  20. Department of Public Health of Guipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain

    M. Dorronsoro

  21. Public Health Institute, Navarra, Spain

    A. Barricarte

  22. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo, Murcia, Spain

    M. -D. Chirlaque

  23. Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

    J. R. Quiros

  24. Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden

    G. Berglund

  25. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, University of Umeå, Umea, Sweden

    G. Hallmans

  26. MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK

    N. E. Day

  27. Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    T. J. Key

  28. IFC - National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

    R. Saracci

  29. Division of Epidemiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany

    R. Kaaks

  30. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    C. Malaveille, P. Ferrari & P. Boffetta

  31. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG, London, UK

    T. Norat, E. Riboli & P. Vineis

  32. Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Servicios Sociales, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain

    C. A. Gonzalez

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  1. B. Lumbreras
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  32. E. Riboli
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  33. C. A. Gonzalez
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  34. P. Vineis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Vineis.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9157-2

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Lumbreras, B., Garte, S., Overvad, K. et al. Meat intake and bladder cancer in a prospective study: a role for heterocyclic aromatic amines?. Cancer Causes Control 19, 649–656 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9121-1

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