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Buoyancy and The Sensible Heat Flux Budget Within Dense Canopies

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Abstract

In contrast to atmospheric surface-layer (ASL) turbulence, a linear relationship between turbulent heat fluxes (FT) and vertical gradients of mean air temperature within canopies is frustrated by numerous factors, including local variation in heat sources and sinks and large-scale eddy motion whose signature is often linked with the ejection-sweep cycle. Furthermore, how atmospheric stability modifies such a relationship remains poorly understood, especially in stable canopy flows. To date, no explicit model exists for relating FT to the mean air temperature gradient, buoyancy, and the statistical properties of the ejection-sweep cycle within the canopy volume. Using third-order cumulant expansion methods (CEM) and the heat flux budget equation, a “diagnostic” analytical relationship that links ejections and sweeps and the sensible heat flux for a wide range of atmospheric stability classes is derived. Closure model assumptions that relate scalar dissipation rates with sensible heat flux, and the validity of CEM in linking ejections and sweeps with the triple scalar-velocity correlations, were tested for a mixed hardwood forest in Lavarone, Italy. We showed that when the heat sources (ST) and FT have the same sign (i.e. the canopy is heating and sensible heat flux is positive), sweeps dominate the sensible heat flux. Conversely, if ST and FT are opposite in sign, standard gradient-diffusion closure model predict that ejections must dominate the sensible heat flux.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR – Institute of Atmosphere Sciences and Climate section of Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    D. Cava & A. Scrimieri

  2. Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A

    G. G. Katul & D. Poggi

  3. Department of Material Science, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy

    A. Scrimieri

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A

    D. Poggi

  5. Dipartimento di Idraulica, Trasporti ed Infrastrutture Civili, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

    D. Poggi

  6. Centro di Ecologia Alpina, 38040, Viote del Monte Bondone (Trento), Italy

    A. Cescatti

  7. Department of Environmental Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy

    U. Giostra

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  1. D. Cava
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  2. G. G. Katul
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  5. A. Cescatti
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Correspondence to D. Cava.

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Cava, D., Katul, G.G., Scrimieri, A. et al. Buoyancy and The Sensible Heat Flux Budget Within Dense Canopies. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118, 217–240 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-4736-1

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