Abstract
This paper presents an overall bioinvasion impact assessment on the scale of a large marine region—the Baltic Sea, as defined by the Helsinki Commission. The methodology is based on a classification of the abundance and distribution range of alien species and the magnitude of their impacts on native communities, habitats and ecosystem functioning aggregated in a “Biopollution Level” index (BPL) which ranges from ‘no impact’ (BPL = 0) to ‘massive impact’ (BPL = 4). The assessment performed for nine Baltic sub-regions revealed that documented ecological impact is only known for 43 alien species out of 119 registered in the Sea. The highest biopollution (BPL = 3, strong impact) occurs in coastal lagoons, inlets and gulfs, and the moderate biopollution (BPL = 2)—in the open sea areas. The methodology was also used to classify species into alien (BPL = 0) versus ‘impacting’ species (BPL > 0), which can be divided into ‘potentially invasive’ (BPL = 1) and ‘invasive’ (BPL > 1) ones. No clear correlation between the number of established alien and impacting species was found in the sub-regions of the Baltic Sea. The methodology, although requiring a substantial research effort, proved to be useful for interregional comparisons and evaluating the bioinvasion effects of individual alien species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrulewicz E (1997) An overview on lagoons in the Polish coastal area of the Baltic Sea. Int J Salt Lake Res 6:121–134
Antsulevich A, Välipakka P (2000) Cercopagis pengoi—new important food object of the baltic herring in the Gulf of Finland. Internat Rev Hydrobiol 85(5–6):609–619
Appelgren K, Snickars M, Mattila J (2004) Chara connivens Saltzm. Ex. A. Braun 1835 found in the Åland archipelago—a new species to Finland. Memoranda Soc Fauna Flora Fennica 80:11–13
Arbačiauskas K (2005) The distribution and local dispersal of Ponto-Caspian Peracarida in Lithuanian fresh waters with notes on Pontogammarus robustoides population establishment, abundance, and impact. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl. 1):93–113
Arbačiauskas K (2008) Amphipods of the Nemunas River and the Curonian Lagoon, the Baltic Sea basin: where and which native freshwater amphipods persist? Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18(1):10–16
Avinski V (1997) Cercopagis pengoi—a new species in the eastern Gulf of Finland ecosystem. In: Sarkkula J (ed) Proceedings of the final seminar of the Gulf of Finland year 1996. March 17–18, Helsinki, Finland. Suomen Ympa:ristokeskus, Helsinki, pp 247–256
Bastrop R, Blank M (2006) Multiple invasions–a polychaete genus enters the Baltic. Biol Invasions 8:1195–1200
Benson AJ, Boydstun CP (1995) Invasion of the zebra mussel into the United States. In: LaRoe ET, Farris GS, Puckett CE, Doran PD, Mac MJ (eds) Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of US plants, animals, and ecosystems. US Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC, pp 445–446
Berezina NA (2007a) Invasions of alien amphipods (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) in aquatic ecosystems of North-Western Russia: pathways and consequences. Hydrobiologia 590:15–29
Berezina NA (2007b) Expansion of the North American amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 to Neva Estuary (eastermost Baltic Sea). Oceanologia 49(1):129–135
Berezina NA, Golubkov SM, Gubelit JI (2005) Grazing effects of alien amphipods on macroalgae in the Littoral zone of Neva Estuary (eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea). Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34:63–82
Berezina NA, Tsiplenkina IG, Pankova ES, Gubelit JI (2007) Dynamics of invertebrate communities on the stony littoral of the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea) under macroalgal blooms and bioinvasions. Transitional Water Bull 1:65–76
Bielecka L, Zmijewska MI, Szymborska A (2000) A new predatory cladoceran Cercopagis (Cercopagis) pengoi (Ostroumov 1891) in the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanologia 42(3):371–374
BINPAS (2010) Biological invasion impact/biopollution assessment system. KU CORPI database system—BINPAS model, v. 2.0, 2010-11-01. http://www.corpi.ku.lt/databases/binpas
Blank M, Laine AO, Jürss K, Bastrop R (2008) Molecular identification key based on PCR/RFLP for three polychaete sibling species of the genus Marenzelleria, and the species’ current distribution in the Baltic Sea. Helgol Mar Res 62(2):129–141
Blindow I (2000) Distribution of charophytes along the Swedish coast in relation to salinity and eutrophication. Int Rev Hydrobiol 85(5–6):707–717
Borek KW, Sapota MR (2005) Breeding characteristics of the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus)—one of the most abundant goby species in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdansk region (Southern Baltic Sea). Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(4):47–55
Bostrom C, Bonsdorff E (1997) Community structure and spatial variation of benthic invertebrates associated with Zostera marina (L.) beds in the Northern Baltic Sea. J Sea Res 37(1–2):153–166
Brodin Y, Andersson MH (2009) The marine splash midge Telmatogon japonicus (Diptera; Chironomidae)–extreme and alien? Biol Invasions 11(6):1311–1317
Bubinas A, Repečka M (2003) Distribution of zoobenthos in the bottom sediment of the near-shore zone of the Baltic Sea in Nida-Klaipeda stretch. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 13(2):125–134
Bubinas A, Vaitonis G (2003) The analysis of the structure, productivity, and distribution of zoobenthocenoses in the Lithuanian economic zone of the Baltic Sea and importance of some benthos species to fish diet. Acta Zoologica Litanica 13(2):114–124
Bubinas A, Vaitonis G (2005) Benthic communities of the Klaipeda port aquatory. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica 15(4):305–311
Bučas M, Daunys D, Olenin S (2007) Overgrowth patterns of the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis at an exposed Baltic Sea coast: The results of a remote underwater video data analysis. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 75(3):308–316
Bystydzienska Z, Rolbiecki L, Rokicki J (2005) Helminth communities of European eels Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Vistula Lagoon and Puck Bay, Poland. Wiad Parazytol 51(2):145–150
Bzoma S, Stempniewicz L (2001) Great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) diet in the Gulf of Gdansk in 1998 and 1999. Third International Symposium on Functioning of Coastal Ecosystems in Various Geografical Regions, June 19–22, 2001. Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk
Calliari D, Andersen Borg CM, Thor P, Gorokhova E, Tiselius P (2008) Instantaneous salinity reductions affect the survival and feeding rates of the co-occuring copepods Acartia tonsa Dana and A. clausi Giesbrecht differently. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 362:18–25
Cardoso AC, Free G (2008) Incorporating invasive alien species into ecological assessment in the context of the water framework directive. Aquat Invasions 3(4):361–366
Chojnacki JC, Ceronik J (1997) Artificial reefs in the Pomeranian Bay (southern Baltic) as biofiltration sites. Proceedings of the 13th Baltic Marine Biologists Symposium, Jurmala, Latvia, August 31—September 4, 1993. Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia), pp 169–172
Chubarenko B, Margoriski P (2008) The Vistula Lagoon. In: Schiewer U (ed) Ecology of baltic coastal waters. Ecological studies 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 167–195
Clinton WJ (1999) Executive order 13112. Federal Register 64(25):6183–6186
Corkum LD, Sapota MR, Skora KE (2004) The round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, a fish invader on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Biol Invasions 6:173–181
Coyer JA, Peters AF, Hoarau G, Stam WT, Olsen JL (2002) Hybridization of the marine seaweeds, Fucus serratus and Fucus evanescens (Heterokontophyta: Phaeophyceae) in a 100-year-old zone of secondary contact. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:1829–1834
Czerniewski P, Rybczyk A (2008) Body weight, morphometry, and diet of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus (Maitland, 1874) in the Odra estuary, Poland. Crustaceana 81(11):1289–1299
Daunys D, Olenin S (1999) Šiaurinių Kuršių marių rytinės litoralės dugno makrofaunos bendrijos. Ekologija 2:19–27 (in Lithuanian)
Daunys D, Zettler ML (2006) Invasion of the North American amphipod (Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939) into the Curonian Lagoon, south-eastern Baltic Sea. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica 16(1):20–26
Daunys D, Schiedek D, Olenin S (2000) Species strategy near its boundary: the Marenzelleria cf. viridis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) case in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea. Internat Rev Hydrobiol 85(5–6):639–651
Daunys D, Zemlys P, Olenin S, Zaiko A, Ferrarin C (2006) Impact of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha invasion on the budget of suspended matter in a shallow lagoon ecosystem. Helgol Mar Res 60(2):113–120
Diripasko O (1997) Perccottus glenii. In: Olenin S, Leppäkoski E, Daunys D (eds) Baltic Sea Alien species database. Internet: http://www.corpi.ku.lt/nemo
Drotz MK, Berggren M, Lundberg S, Lundin K, von Proschwitz T (2010) Invasion routes, current and historical distribution of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853) in Sweden. Aquatic Invasions 5(4): doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.4
Elliott M (2003) Biological pollutants and biological pollution—an increasing cause for concern. Mar Pollut Bull 46:275–280
Ezhova E, Spirido O (2005) Patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of the Marenzelleria cf. viridis population in the lagoon and marine environment in the Southeastern Baltic Sea. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl. 1):209–226
Ezhova E, Zmudzinski L, Maciejewska K (2005) Long-term trends in the macrozoobenthos of the Vistula Lagoon, southeastern Baltic Sea. Species composition and biomass distribution. Bull Sea Fisheries Inst 1(164):55–73
Ferm L (2007) Spartina anglica found in Sweden. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 101:306–308 (In Swedish with English abstract and legends)
Filipenko DP, Son MO (2008) The New Zeland mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) is colonising the artificial lakes of Kaliningrad City, Russia (Baltic Sea Coast). Aquat Invasions 3(3):345–347
Forster S, Zettler ML (2004) The capacity of the filter-feeding bivalve Mya arenaria L. to affect water transport in sandy beds. Mar Biol 144:1183–1189
Galil BS (2009) Caulerpa racemosa cylindracea (Sond.) Verlaque et al., grape alga (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyta). In: DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe). Handbook of alien species in Europe. Invading nature—Springer series in invasion ecology 3, pp 274
Garbacik-Wesolowska A, Szkudlarek A, Sobecka E (1994) Nematode Anguillicola crassus in eels from the Szczecin Lagoon and Lake Letowskie. Bull Sea Fisheries Inst Gdynia 132:34–37
Gasiūnaitė ZR, Didziulis V (2000) Ponto-Caspian invader Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) in Lithuanian coastal waters. Sea Environ 2:97–101
Gasiūnaitė ZR, Daunys D, Olenin S, Razinkovas A (2008) The curonian lagoon. In: Schiewer U (ed) Ecology of baltic coastal waters. Ecological studies 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 197–215
Gollach S, Leppäkoski E (1999) Initial risk assesment of Alien Species in Nordic Coastal Waters. Nord 8:245 pp
Golubkov SM, Bäck S, Nikulina VN, Orlova MI, Anokhina LE, Umnova LP (2003) Effects of eutrophication and invasion of Dreissena polymorpha in the coastal zone of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Proc Estonian Acad Sci Biol Ecol 52(3):218–235
Gorokhova E, Lehtiniemi M (2007) A combined approach to understand trophic interactions between Cercopagis pengoi (Cladocera: Onychopoda) and mysids in the Gulf of Finland. Limnol Oceanogr 52(2):685–695
Gorokhova E, Aladin N, Dumont HJ (2000) Further expansion of the genus Cercopagis (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Onychopoda) in the Baltic Sea, with notes on the taxa present and their ecology. Hydrobiologia 429:207–218
Gorokhova E, Fagerberg T, Hansson S (2004) Predation by herring (Clupea harengus) on Cercopagis pengoi in a western Baltic Sea bay. J Mar Sci 61(6):959–965
Gorokhova E, Hansson S, Höglander H, Andersen CM (2005) Stable isotopes show food web changes after invasion by the preda tory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi in a Baltic Sea bay. Oecologia 143:251–259
Grabowski M (2006) Rapid colonization of the Polish Baltic coast by an Atlantic palaemonid shrimp Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837. Aquat Invasions 1(3):116–123
Grabowski M, Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A (2005) Alien crustacea in Polish waters—introduction and Decapoda. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl. 1):46–61
Grabowski M, Konopacka A, Jazdzewski K, Janowska E (2006) Invasions of alien gammarid species and retreat of natives in the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea, Poland). Helgol Mar Res 60:90–97
Grabowski M, Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A (2007) Alien crustacea in polish waters—Amphipoda. Aquat Invasions 2(1):25–38
Granberg ME, Gunnarsson JS, Hedman JE, Rosenberg R, Jonsson P (2008) Bioturbation-driven release of organic contaminants from Baltic Sea sediments mediated by the invading polychaete Marenzelleria neglecta. Environ Sci Technol 42(4):1058–1065
Gribsholt B, Kristensen E (2002) Effects of bioturbation and plant roots on salt marsh biogeochemistry: a mesocosm study. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 241:71–87
Griffiths DW, Schloesser DW, Leach JH, Koalak WP (1991) Distribution and dispersal of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Great Lakes Region. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:1381–1388
Gruszka P (1999) The river odra estuary as a gateway for alien species immigratio n to the Baltic Sea basin. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 27(5):374–382
Gruszka P, Wiecaszek B (2004) Palaemon elegans as food for cod in the Gulf of Gdansk. In: Baltic—the Sea of Aliens, 25–27 August 2004, Gdynia, Poland, 27 p
Gruszka P, Woznicka A (2008) Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinski, 1894) in the River Odra estuary—another invader threatening Baltic coastal lagoons. Aquat Invasions 3(4):395–403
Gusev A, Starikova I (2005) Distribution and abundance of Marenzelleria neglecta (Sikorski and Bick 2004) (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in the Kaliningrad zone of the Baltic Sea in September 2001 and 2002. Oceanoll Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl. 1):163–173
Haahti H, Kangas P (eds) (2006) State of the gulf of Finland in 2004. MERI—report series of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research No. 55, 25 pp
Haslob H, Clemmesen C, Schaber M, Schaber H-H, Schmidt JO, Voss R, Kraus G, Köster FW (2007) Invading Mnemiopsis leidyi as a potential threat to Baltic fish. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 349:303–306
Herkül K, Kotta J (2007) New records of the amphipods Chelicorophium curvispinum, Gammarus tigrinus, G. duebeni and G. lacustris in the Estonian coastal sea. Proc Estonian Acad Sci Biol Ecol 56(4):290–296
Hietanen S, Laine AO, Lukkari K (2007) The complex effects of the invasive polychaetes Marenzelleria spp. on benthic nutrient dynamics. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 352:89–102
Hoeglund J, Andersson J (1993) Prevalence and abundance of Anguillicola crassus in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) at a thermal discharge site on the Sweden coast. J Appl Ichthyol 9(2):115–122
Hoeglund J, Thomas K (1992) The black goby Gobius niger as a potential paratenic host for the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus in a thermal effluent of the Baltic. Dis Aquat Org 13:175–180
Huwer B, Storr-Paulsen M, Riisgård HU, Haslob H (2008) Abundance, horizontal, vertical distribution of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the central Baltic Sea, November 2007. Aquat Invasions 3(2):113–124
ICES (2004) Alien species alert: Rapana venosa (veined whelk). Mann R, Occhipinti A. Harding J (eds) ICES cooperative research report 264, pp 1–14
ICES WGITMO Report (2000) Report of the working group on introductions and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO), 27–29 March 2000, Parnu, Estonia. ICES CM 2000/ACME:07, 69 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2002) Report of the working group on introductions and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO), 20–22 March 2002, Gothenburg, Sweden. ICES CM 2002/ACME:06, 135 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2004) Report of the working group on introduction and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO) 25–26 March 2004, Cesenatico, Italy. ICES CM 2004/ACME:05 Ref. E, G, 147 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2005) Report of the working group on introductions and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO), by correspondence. ICES CM 2005/ACME:05. 173 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2006) Report of the working group on introductions and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO), 16–17 March 2006, Oostende, Belgium. ICES CM 2006/ACME:05, 334 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2008) Report of the working group on introduction and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO) 12–14 March 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2008/ACOM:52, 126 pp
ICES WGITMO Report (2009) Report of the working group on introduction and transfers of marine organisms (WGITMO) 11–13 March 2009, Washington, DC, USA. ICES CM 2009/ACOM:25, 212 pp
Janas U (2005) Distribution and individual characteristics of the prawn Palaemon elegans (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Gulf of Gdansk and the Dead Vistula River. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl. 1):83–91
Janas U, Baranska A (2008) What is the diet of Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea, Dekapoda), a non-indigenous species in the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea). Oceanologia 50(2):221–237
Janas U, Zgrundo A (2007) First record of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). Aquat Invasions 2(4):450–454
Janas U, Wocial J, Szaniawska A (2004a) Seasonal and annual changes in the macrozoobenthic populations of the Gulf of Gdansk with respect to hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide. Oceanologia 46(1):85–102
Janas U, Zarzycki T, Kozik P (2004b) Palaemon elegans—a new component of the Gulf of Gdansk macrofauna. Oceanologia 46(1):143–146
Jankauskienė R (2003) Selective feeding of Ponto-Caspian higher crustaceans and fish larvae in the littoral zone of the Curonian Lagoon. Ekologija 2:19–27
Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A (1993) Survey and distribution of Crustacea Malacostraca in Poland. Crustaceana 65(2):176–191
Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A (1999) Invasive Ponto-Caspian Species in Waters of the Vistula and Oder Basins and the Southern Baltic Sea. In: Gollasch S, Minchin D, Rosenthal H, Voigt M (eds) Exotics across the ocean. Case histories on introduced species: their general biology, distribution, range expansion and impact. Department of Fishery Biology, Institute for Marine Science, University of Kiel, Germany, pp 384–398
Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A, Grabowski M (2002) Four Ponto-Caspian gammarid species (Crustacea, Amphipoda) recently invading Polish waters. Contribut Zool 71(4):115–122
Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A, Grabowski M (2004) Recent drastic changes in the gammarid fauna (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Vistula River deltaic system in Poland caused by alien invaders. Divers Distrib 10:81–87
Jazdzewski K, Konopacka A, Grabowski M (2005) Native and alien malacostracan crustacea along the Polish Baltic Sea coast in the twentieth century. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl.1):175–193
Johnston EL, Piola RF, Clark GF (2009) The role of propagule pressure in invasion success. In: Rilov G, Crooks JA (eds) Biological invasions in marine ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 133–151
Kalinkina NM, Berezina NA (2010) First record of Pontogammarus robustoides Sars, 1894 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea). Aquat Invasions 5(suppl 1):5–7
Karlson K, Rosenberg R, Bonsdorff E (2002) Temporal and spatial large-scale effects of eutrophication and oxygen deficiency on benthic fauna in Scandinavian and Baltic waters. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 40:427–489
Karlson K, Bonsdorff E, Rosenberg R (2007) The impact of benthic macrofauna for nutrient fluxes from Baltic Sea sediments. Ambio 36(2–3):161–167
Karlsson J, Loo L-O (1999) On the distribution and continuous expansion of the Japanese seaweed—Sargassum muticum—in Sweden. Botanica Marina 42(3):285–294
Karlsson AML, Almqvist G, Skóra KE, Appelberg M (2007) Indications of competition between non-indigenous round goby and native flounder in the Baltic Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 64:479–486
Katajisto T, Viitasalo M, Koski M (1998) Seasonal occurrence and hatching of calanoid eggs in sediments of the northern Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 163:133–143
Kautsky H, Martin G, Makinen A, Borgiel M, Vahteri P, Rissanen J (1999) Structure of phytobenthic and associated animal communities in the Gulf of Riga. Hydrobiologia 393:191–200
Keniry T, Marsden JE (1995) Zebra mussels in southwestern Lake Michigan. In: LaRoe ET, Farris GS, Puckett CE, Doran PD, Mac MJ (eds) Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of US plants, animals, and ecosystems. US Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC, pp 446–448
Konopacka A (2003) Further step to the west—Obesogammarus crassus (G.O. Sars, 1984) (Crustacea, Amphipoda) already in the Szczecin Lagoon. Lauterbornia 48:67–72
Kostrzewa J, Grabowski M (2003) Opportunistic feeding strategy as a factor promoting the expansion of racer goby (Neogobius gymnotrachelus Kessler, 1857) in the Vistula basin. Lauterbornia 48:91–100
Kotta J, Mohlenberg F (2002) Grazing impact of Mytilus edulis L. and Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea estimated from biodeposition rates of algal pigments. Ann Zool Fennici 39:151–160
Kotta J, Orav H (2001) Role of benthic macroalgae in regulating macrozoobenthic assemblages in the Vainameri (north-eastern Baltic Sea). Ann Zool Fennici 38:163–171
Kotta J, Torn K, Martin G, Orav-Kotta H, Paalme T (2004) Seasonal variation in invertebrate grazing on Chara connivens and C. tomentosa in Koiguste Bay, NE Baltic Sea. Helgol Mar Res 58:71–76
Kotta J, Kotta I, Simm M, Lankov A, Lauringson V, Pollumae A, Ojaveer H (2006) Ecological consequences of biological invasions: three invertebrate case studies in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. Helgol Mar Res 60:106–112
Kotta J, Herkul K, Kotta I, Orav-Kotta H, Aps R (2008a) Effects of harbour dredging on soft invertebrate communities: does environmental variability affect the community responses? In: US/EU-baltic international symposium, 2008 IEEE/OES, pp 1–6
Kotta J, Lauringson V, Martin G, Kotta I, Herkul K, Ojaveer H (2008b) Gulf of Riga and Parnu Bay. In: Schiewer U (ed) Ecology of baltic coastal waters. Ecological studies 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 217–243
Krylov PI, Bychenkov DE, Panov VE, Rodionova NV, Telesh IV (1999) Distribution and seasonal dynamics of the Ponto-Caspian invader Cercopagis pengoi (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the Neva Estuary (Gulf of Finland). Hydrobiologia 393:227–232
Ktuk-Dowgiallo L, Opiola R, Osowiecki A, Pempkowiak J (2007) Selected methods to mitigate environmental threats along Poland’s Baltic coast. In: Pawlowski L, Dudzinska MR (eds) Environmental engineering. Taylor and Francis Group, London, pp 431–436
Kube J, Powilleit M, Warzocha J (1996) The importance of hydrodynamic processes and food availability for the structure of macrofauna assemblages in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic Sea). Arch Hydrobiol 138(2):213–228
Kube S, Postel L, Honnef C, Augustin CB (2007) Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Baltic Sea—distribution and overwintering between autumn 2006 and spring 2007. Aquat Invasions 2:137–145
Laine AO, Mattila J, Lehikoinen A (2006) First record of the brackish water dreissenid bivalve Mytilopsis leucophaeata in the northern Baltic Sea. Aquat Invasions 1(1):38–41
Lapinska E, Szaniawska A (2005) Seasonal variations in the occurrence of the prawns Crangon crangon (L., 1758), Palaemon adspersus (Rathke, 1837) and Palaemon elegans (Rathke, 1837) in the littoral zone of the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(2):95–110
Lehtiniemi M, Gorokhova E (2008) Predation of the introduced cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi on the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 362:193–200
Lehtiniemi M, Katajisto K, Lehtonen K, Viitasalo-Frösen S (2008) Vieraslajit. In: Raateoja M (ed) Report series of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research, MERI 64, pp 25–27. (In Finnish, abstract in English)
Leppäkoski E (2005) The first twenty years of invasion biology in the Baltic Sea area. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl.1):5–17
Leppäkoski E, Olenin S (1999) Xenodiversity of the European brackish water seas: the North American contribution. In: Pederson J (ed) Marine Bioinvasions. Proceedings of the first national congress, 24–27 Jan 1999. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp 107–119
Leppäkoski E, Olenin S (2000) Non-native species and rates of spread: lessons from the brackish Baltic Sea. Biol Invasions 2:151–163
Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S (2002a) The Baltic Sea—a field laboratory for invasion biology. In: Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S (eds) Invasive Aquatic species of Europe—distribution impacts and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp 253–259
Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Gruszka P, Ojaveer H, Olenin S, Panov V (2002b) The Baltic—a sea of invaders. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:1175–1188
Leppäkoski E, Shiganova T, Alexandrov B (2009) European enclosed and semi-enclosed Seas. In: Rilov G, Crooks JA (eds) Biological invasions in marine ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 529–548
Lesutienė J, Gorokhova E, Gasiūnaitė ZR, Razinkovas R (2007) Isotopic evidence for zooplankton as an important food source for the mysid Paramysis lacustris in the Curonian Lagoon, the South-Eastern Baltic Sea Estuarine. Coastal Shelf Sci 73:73–80
Lesutienė J, Gorokhova E, Gasiūnaitė Z, Razinkovas A (2008) Role of mysid seasonal migrations in the organic matter transfer in the Curonian Lagoon, south-eastern Baltic Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 80:225–234
Litvinchuk LF (2005) Evadne anonyx Sars, 1887 (Cladocera, Polyphemoidea)—a new representative of the Baltic Sea fauna. Biol Inland Waters 1:240–249 (in Russian)
Litvinchuk LF, Telesh IV (2006) Distribution, population structure and ecosystem effects of the invader Cercopagis pengoi (Polyphemoidea, Cladocera) in the Gulf of Finland and the open Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 48(S):243–257
Lundin K, Aneer G, Berggren M, Drotz M, Filipsson O, Lundberg S, von Proschwitz T, Svensson J-E (2007) Chinese Mitten crab advancing in Sweden. Fauna och Flora 102(3):10–19 (In Swedish with English summary and legends)
Malyavin SA, Berezina NA, Hwang J-S (2008) A finding of Chelicorophium curvispinum (Amphipoda, Crustacea) in the Gulf of Finland (the Baltic Sea). Zoologicheskii zhurnal 87(6):643–649
McGeoch MA, Butchart SHM, Spear D, Marais E, Kleynhans EJ, Symes A, Chanson J, Hoffmann M (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity Distrib 16:95–108
Mudrak S, Zmiewska MI (2007) Spatio-temporal variability of mezozooplankton from the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea) in 1999–2000. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 36(2):3–19
Naumenko EN (2009) Zooplankton in different types of estuaries (using Curonian and Vistula estuaries as an example). Inland Water Biol 2(1):72–81
Nentwig W, Kühnel E, Bacher S (2010) A generic impact-scoring system applied to alien mammals in Europe. Conserv Biol 24(1):302–311
Nielsen R, Kristiansen A, Mathiesen L, Mathiesen H (1995) Distributional index of the benthic macroalgae of the Baltic Sea area. Acta Botanica Fennica 155:1–51
Normant M, Wiszniewska A, Szaniawska A (2000) The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Decapoda:Grapsidae) from Polish waters. Oceanologia 42(3):375–383
Normant M, Chrobak M, Skora K (2002) The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis—an immigrant from Asia in the Gulf of Gdansk. Oceanologia 44(1):123–125
Normant M, Korthals J, Szaniawska A (2007) Epibiota associated with setae on Chinese mitten crab claws (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853): a first record. Oceanologia 49(1):137–143
Nyberg CN (2007) Introduced marine macroalgae and habitat modifiers—their ecological role and significant attributes. Doctoral Thesis, Dept. of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, 63 pp
Nyberg CD, Wallentinus I (2009) Long-term survival of an introduced red alga in adverse conditions. Mar Biol Res 5(3):304–308
Nyberg CD, Thomsen MS, Wallentinus I (2009) Flora and fauna associated with the introduced red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Europ J Phycol 44(3):395–403
Nylund GM, Cervin G, Hermansson M, Pavia H (2005) Chemical inhibition of bacterial colonization by the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 302:27–36
Ojaveer H (2006) The round goby Neogobius melanostomus is colonising the NE Baltic Sea. Aquat Invasions 1(1):44–45
Ojaveer H, Lumberg A (1995) On the role of Cercopagis (Cercopagis) pengoi (Ostroumov) in Paernu Bay and the NE part of the Gulf of Riga ecosystem. Proc Estonian Acad Sci Ecol 5(1–2):20–25
Ojaveer H, Simm M, Lankov A (2004) Population dynamics and ecological impact of the non-indigenous Cercopagis pengoi in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea). Hydrobiologia 522:261–269
Ojaveer H, Gollasch S, Jaanus A, Kotta J, Laine AO, Minde A, Normant M, Panov VE (2007) Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in the Baltic Sea—a supply-side invader? Biol Invasions 9:409–418
Olenin S (1997) Benthic zonation of the eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea. Neth J Aquatic Ecol 30(4):265–282
Olenin S, Daunys D (2005) Invaders in suspension-feeder systems: variations along the regional environmental gradient and similarities between large basins. In: Dame R, Olenin S (eds) The comparative roles of suspension-feeders in ecosystems. NATO science series. Earth and environmental series 47, pp 221–237
Olenin S, Leppäkoski E (1999) Non-native animals in the Baltic Sea: alteration of benthic habitats in coastal inlets and lagoons. Hydrobiologia 393:233–243
Olenin S, Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Gruzska P, Skora K, Hoppe K, Ojaveer H, Orlova M (2002) Recently introduced non-indigenous species. Environment of the Baltic Sea area 1994–1998. HELCOM. Baltic Sea Environ Proc 82B:173–175
Olenin S, Minchin D, Daunys D (2007) Assessment of biopollution in aquatic ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull 55:379–394
Olenin S, Daunys D, Leppäkoski E, Zaiko A (eds) (2010) Baltic Sea alien species database. Retrieved on 11 Oct 2010 from http://www.corpi.ku.lt/nemo/
Olenin S, Alemany F, Cardoso AC, Gollasch S, Goulletquer P, Lehtiniemi M, McCollin T, Minchin D, Miossec L, Occhipinti Ambrogi A, Ojaveer H, Jensen KR, Stankiewicz M, Wallentinus I, Aleksandrov B (2010) Marine strategy framework directive—task group 2 report. Non-indigenous species. Luxembourg: office for official publications of the european communities, 44 pp
Olenina I, Wasmund N, Hajdu S, Jurgensone I, Gromisz S, Kownacka J, Toming K, Vaiciūtė D, Olenin S (2010) Assessing impacts of invasive phytoplankton: The Baltic Sea case. Marine Pollution Bulletin. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.0463
Olsen J, Kayikci O, Reyhe TS, Happel EM (2008) The effects of Marenzelleria spp. On benthic macrofauna community structure in the Isefjord. Thesis, Roskilde University, Denmark, 42 pp
Olszewska A (2000) Mya arenaria L., a new and unusual substratum for Balanus improvisus Darwin. Oceanologia 42(1):119–121
Olszewska A (2006) New records of Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov 1891) in the Southern Baltic. Oceanologia 48(2):319–321
Orav-Kotta H, Kotta J, Herkül K, Kotta I, Paalme T (2009) Seasonal variability in the grazing potential of the invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus and the native amphipod Gammarus salinus (Amphipoda: Crustacea) in the northern Baltic Sea. Biol Invasions 11:597–608
Orendt C, Schmitt C, van Liefferinge C, Wolfram G, de Deckere E (2010) Include or exclude? A review on the role and suitability of aquatic invertebrate neozoa as indicators in biological assessment with special respect to fresh and brackish European waters. Biol Invasions 12:265–283
Orlova MI, Panov VE (2004) Establishment of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), in the Neva Estuary (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea): distribution, population structure and possible impact on local unionid bivalves. Hydrobiologia 514:207–217
Orlova MI, Panov VE, Krylov PI, Telesh IV, Khlebovich VV (1999) Changes in planktonik and benthic communities of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) due to biological invasions. Russian academy of sciences. Proc Zool Inst St Petersburg 279:305–325
Orlova M, Golubkov S, Kalinina L, Ignatieva N (2004) Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in the Neva Estuary (eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea): Is it a biofilter or source for pollution? Mar Poll Bull 49:196–205
Orlova MI, Telesh IV, Berezina NA, Antsulevich A, Maximov AA, Litvinchuk LF (2006) Effects of nonindigenous species on diversity and community functioning in the eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Helgol Mar Res 60:98–105
Orzechowski B (1993) Some energetics data of crayfish Orconectes limosus Raf. Slupskie Prace Matematyczno-Przyrodnicze, pp 47–73 (in Polish)
Osadczuk A, Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska B (1998) Sediments in the Szczecin Lagoon: Selected elements and macrozoobenthos. Greifswald er Geographische Arbeiten 16:169–193
Paavola M, Olenin S, Leppäkoski E (2005) Are invasive species most successful in habitats of low native species richness across European brackish water seas? Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 64:738–750
Paavola M, Laine AO, Helavuori M, Kraufvelin P (2008) Profiling four brackish-water harbours: zoobenthic composition and invasion status. Bor Environ Res 13:159–175
Packalen A, Korpinen S, Lehtonen KK (2008) The invasive amphipod species Gammarus tigrinus (Sexton 1939) can rapidly change littoral communities in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Aquat Invasions 3(4):405–412
Panov VE (2006) First record of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards 1853 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from lake Ladoga, Russia. Aquat Invasions 1(1):28–31
Panov VE, Alimov AF, Golubkov SM, Orlova MI, Telesh IV (2002) Environmental problems and challenges for coastal zone management in the Neva Estuary (Eastern Gulf of Finland). In: Schernewski E, Schiewer U (eds) Baltic coastal ecosystems. Structure, function and coastal-management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 171–183
Piazzi L, Ceccherelli G, Cinelli F (2001) Threat to macroalgal diversity: effects of the introduced green alga Caulerpa racemosa in the Mediterranean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 210:149–159
Pollupuu M, Simm M, Pollumae A, Ojaveer H (2008) Successful establishment of the Ponto-Caspian alien cladoceran Evadne anonyx G.O. Sars 1897 in low-salinity environment in the Baltic Sea. J Plankton Res 30(7):777–782
Polunina JJ (2005) Populations of two predatory cladocerans in the Vistula Lagoon—the native Leptodora kindtii and the non-indigenous Cercopagis pengoi. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(Suppl.1):249–260
Postel L, Mumm N, Krajewska-Soltys A (1995) Metazooplankton distribution in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic)—species composition, biomass, and respiration. Bull Sea Fish Inst 3(136):61–73
Preisler RK, Wasson K, Wolff WJ, Tyrrell MC (2009) Invasions of estuaries VS the adjacent open coast: a global perspective. In: Rilov G, Crooks JA (eds) Biological invasions in marine ecosystems, 335 ecological studies 204. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 587–617
Qvarfordt S, Kautsky H, Malm T (2006) Development of fouling communities on vertical structures in the Baltic Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 67:618–628
Raberg S, Kautsky L (2007) A comparative biodiversity study of the associated fauna of perenial fucoids and filamentous algae. Estuar Coastal Shelf Sci 73(1–2):249–258
Rainbow PS, Wolowicz M, Fialkowski W, Smith BD, Sokolowski A (2000) Biomonitoring of trace metals in the Gulf of Gdansk, using mussels (Mytilus trossulus) and barnacles (Balanus improvisus). Water Res 34(6):1823–1829
Rakauskas V, Bacevičius E, Pūtys Ž, Ložys L, Arbačiauskas K (2008) Expansion, feeding and parasites of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1811), a recent invader in the Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18(3):180–190
Raunio J, Paasivirta L, Brodin Y (2009) Marine midge Telmatogon japonicus Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) exploiting brackish water in Finland. Aquat Invasions 4(2):405–408
Reimer LW, Hildebrand A, Scharberth D, Walter U (1994) Anguillicola crassus in the Baltic Sea: field data supporting transmission in brackish waters. Dis Aquat Org 18(1):77–79
Repečka R (2003) The species composition of the ichtyofauna in the Lithuanian economic zone of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon and its changes in recent years. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica 13(2):149–157
Rodiger S (2004) The macroinvertebrate community in the Oder Lagoon—Proposals for a monitoring after EU-WFD. In: Schernewski G, Dolch T (eds) The oder estuary—against the background of the European Water Framework Directive. Marine Science Reports 57, pp 127–178 (in German)
Rodionova NV, Panov VE (2006) Establishment of the Ponto-Caspian predatory cladoceran Evadne anonyx in the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Aquat Invasions 1(1):7–12
Rohde S, Hiebenthal C, Wahl M, Karez R, Bischof C (2008) Decreased depth distribution of Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) in the Western Baltic: effects of light deficiency and epibionts on growth and photosynthesis. Eur J Phycol 43(2):143–150
Rolbiecki L (2004) Larvae of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda, Dracunuculoidea) in stikleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) from the Gulf of Gdansk and Vistula Lagoon. Zoologica Poloniae 49(1–4):29–35
Rolbiecki L, Rokicki J (2005) Anguillicola crassus—an alien nematode species from the swim bladders of eel (Anguilla anguilla) in the polish zone of the southern Baltic and in the waters of northern Poland. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(1):121–136
Rolbiecki L, Rokicki J (2006) Parasite fauna of the eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. Wiad Parazytol 52(2):115–119
Rolbiecki L, Rokicki J, Wojtkiewicz D (2000) The first record of the nematode Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in eel of the Gulf of Gdansk (Poland). Oceanol Stud 29(2):75–81
Rubinshtein IG, Hiznjak VI (1988) Stocks of Rapana thomasiana in the Kerch Strait. Rybnoye Khoz (Moscow) 1:39–41 [in Russian]
Sapota MR (2004) The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in the Gulf of Gdansk—a species introduction into the Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 514:219–224
Sapota MR, Skora KE (2005) Spread of alien (non-indigenous) fish species Neogobius melanostomus in the Gulf of Gdansk (south Baltic). Biol Invasions 7:157–164
Schmidt K, Kaehler P, Von Bodungen B (1998) Copepod egg production rates in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic Sea) as a function of phytoplankton abundance and taxonomic composition. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 174:183–195
Shiganova TA, Kamakin AM, Zhukova OP, Ushivtzev VB, Dulimov AB, Musaeva EI (2001) Invader in the Caspian Sea ctenophore Mnemiopsis and initial results of its impact on the pelagic ecosystem. Oceanology 41(4):542–549
Shine C, Williams N, Gündling L (2000) A guide to designing legal and institutional frameworks on alien invasive species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Cambridge and Bonn, 138 pp
Shpilev H, Ojaveer H (2003) Round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas). In: Ojaveer E, Pihu E, Saat T (eds) Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn, pp 336–337
Simm M, Ojaveer H (2006) Taxonomic status and reproduction dynamics of the non-indigenous Cercopagis in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea). Hydrobiologia 554:147–154
Sipiä VO, Kankaanpää HT, Pflugmacher S, Flinkman J, Furey A, James KJ (2002) Bioaccumulation and detoxication of nodularin in tissues of flounder (Platichthys flesus), mussels (Mytilus edulis, Dreissena polymorpha), and clams (Maccoma balthica) from the Northern Baltic Sea. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 53(2):305–311
Skora KE, Stolarski J (1993) New fish species in the Gulf of Gdansk: Neogobius sp. (cf. Neogobius melanostomus) (Pallas 1811). Bull Sea Fish Inst 1(128):83
Skrzecz T, Szaniawska A (2005) Energetic value of American cratfish—Orconectes limosus (Raf.) from the Vistula Lagoon. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(4):57–65
Staehr P, Pedersen MF, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Krause-Jensen D (2000) Invasion of Sargassum muticum in Limfjorden (Denmark) and its possible impact on the indigenous macroalgal community. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 207:79–88
Stankus S (2006) The role of turbot (Psetta maxima) and flounder (Platichthys flesustrachurus Duncker) juveniles in fish communities in the Lithuanian coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Ecologia 4:51–57
Stempniewicz L (1995) Feeding ecology of the Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis wintering in the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea). Ornis Svecica 5(3–4):133–142
Stigzelius J, Laine A, Rissanen J, Andersin AB, Ilus E (1997) The introduction of Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) into the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia (northern Baltic Sea). Ann Zool Fenn 34:205–212
Storr-Paulsen M, Huwer B (2008) Changes in distribution and lengths of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the central Baltic Sea between fall and spring. Aquat Invasions 3(4):429–434
Svedang H (1996) The spread of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus in eel in Swedish coastal waters. Kustrapport, 16 pp (in Danish)
Szaniawska A, Lapucki T, Normant M (2003) The invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939, in Puck Bay. Oceanologia 45(3):507–510
Szaniawska A, Normant M, Lapucki T (2005) Gammarus tigrinus Sexton 1939 (Crustacea, Amphipoda)—a new immigrant in the Puck Bay, Southern Baltic Sea. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 34(2):71–78
Szymelfenig M, Kotwicki L, Graca B (2006) Benthic re-colonization in post-dredging pits in the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea). Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 68:489–498
Telesh IV, Ojaveer H (2002) The predatory water flea Cercopagis pengoi in the Baltic Sea: invasion history, distribution and implications to ecosystem dynamics. In: Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S (eds) Invasive Aquatic species of Europe—distribution impacts and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp 62–65
Telesh IV, Litvinchuk LF, Bolshagin PV, Krylov PI, Panov VE (2000) Pecularities of biology of the Ponto-Caspian species Cercopagis pengoi (Crustacea: Onychopoda) in the Baltic Sea. In: Species introducers in the European Seas in Russia, Apatity, pp 130–151 (in Russian)
Tendal OS, Jensen KR, Riisgård HU (2007) Invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi widely distributed in Danish waters. Aquat Invasions 2(4):455–460
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Staehr PA, Pedersen MF (2006) Depth and substrate conditions determine the success of the invasive macroalga Sargassum muticum in Limfjorden, Denmark. Helgol Mar Res 60:50–58
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Staehr P, Krause-Jensen D, Risgaard-Petersen N, Silliman BR (2007a) Alien macroalgae in Denmark—a broad-scale national perspective. Mar Biol Res 3(2):61–72
Thomsen MS, Staehr PA, Nyberg CD, Schwærter S, Krause-Jensen D, Silliman BR (2007b) Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967 (Rhodophyta, Gracilariaceae) in northern Europe, with emphasis on Danish conditions, and what to expect in the future. Aquat Invasions 2(2):83–94
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Staer PA, Silliman BR, Josefson AB, Krause-Jen Sen D, Risgaard-Petersen N (2008) Annual changes in abundance of non-indige nous marine benthos on a very large spatial scale. Aquat Invasions 3(2):133–140
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Tuya F, Silliman BR (2009a) Evidence for impacts of nonindigenous macroalgae: a meta-analysis of experimental field studies. J Phycol 45:812–819
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Silliman BR, Josefson AB (2009b) Broad-scale patterns of abundance of non-indigenous soft-bottom invertebrates in Denmark. Helgol Mar Res 63:159–167
Tiselius P, Borg CMA, Hansen BW, Hansen PJ, Nielsen TG, Vismann B (2008) High reproduction, but low biomass: mortality estimates of the copepod Acartia tonsa in a hyper-eutrophic estuary. Aquat Biol 2:93–103
Torn K, Martin G, Kukk H, Trei T (2004) Distribution of charophyte species in Estonian coastal water (NE Baltic Sea). Sci Mar 68(Suppl. 1):129–136
Uitto A, Gorokhova E, Välipakka P (1999) Distribution of the non-indigenous Cercopagis pengoi in the coastal waters of the eastern Gulf of Finland. ICES J Mar Sci 56:49–57
UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) (2004) COP 7 Decision VII/30. Strategic plan: future evaluation process. Kuala Lumpur 9–20 Feb 2004. Available at: http://www.cbd.int/decisions/?dec=VII/30
Urho L, Lehtonen H (2008) Fish Species in Finland. Finnish Game and Fisheries Institute, Helsinki, p 36
Vaitkus G (1999) Spatial dynamics of wintering seabird populations in the Baltic Proper: a review of factors and adaptations. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 9(1):126–141
Veber T, Kotta J, Lauringson V, Kotta I (2009) Influence of the local abiotic environment, weather and regional nutrient loading on macrobenthic invertebrate feeding groups in a shallow brackish water ecosystem. Oceanologia 51(4):541–559
Vetemaa M (2006) Invasion history and population structure of the alien gibel carp Carassius gibelio in Estonian marine waters. In: Ojaveer H, Kotta J (eds) Alien invasive species in the north-eastern Baltic Sea: population dynamics and ecological impacts. Estonian Marine Institute Report Series No. 14, pp 30–34
Vetemaa M, Eschbaum R, Albert A, Saat T (2005) Distribution, sex ratio and growth of Carassius gibelio (Bloch) in coastal and inland waters of Estonia (northeastern Baltic Sea). J Appl Ichthyol 21:287–291
Viitasalo S, Lehtiniemi M, Katajisto T (2008) The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi overwinters in high abundances in the subarctic Baltic Sea. J Plank Res 30(12):1431–1436
Viitasalo-Frösén S, Laine AO, Lehtiniemi M (2009) Habitat modification mediated by motile surface stirrers versus semi-motile burrowers: potential for a positive feedback mechanism in a eutrophied ecosystem. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 376:21–32
Vilà M, Basnou C, Pysek P, Josefsson M, Genovesi P, Gollasch S, Nentwig W, Olenin S, Roques A, Roy D, Hulmel PE, DAISIE partners (2009) How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment. Front Ecol Environ. doi:10.1890/080083
Warzocha J, Gromisz S, Woznicka A, Koper M (2004) The distribution of Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in the Polish waters of the Baltic Sea. In: Baltic- the Sea of aliens, Gdynia 25–27 Aug 2004, p 63
Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska B, Gruszka P (2005) Population dynamics of alien gammarid species in the River Odra estuary. Hydrobiologia 539:13–25
Weidema IR (2000) Introduced species in the nordic countries. Nord 13:242 pp
Weinberger F, Buchholz B, Karez R, Wahl M (2008) The invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Baltic Sea: adaptaqtion to brackish water may compensate for light limitation. Aquat Biol 3:251–264
Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Staehr PA, Pedersen MF (2001) Comparative phenology of Sargassum muticum and Halidrys siliquosa (Phaeophyceae: Fucales) in Limfjorden. Denmark Bot Mar 44:31–39
Wiklund A-KE, Sundelin B, Rosa R (2008) Population decline of amphipod Monoporeia affinis in Northern Europe: consequence of food shortage and competition? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 367(2):81–90
Wikström SA, Kautsky L (2003) Effects of the invading brown alga Fucus evanescens on associated biota. In: Abstracts Poster Presentati ons OIKOS 21 in Karlstad, 10–12 Feb 2003, p 9
Wikström SA, von Wachenfeld TT, Kautsky L (2002) Establishment of the Exotic Species Fucus evanescens C. Ag. (Phaeophyc eae) in Öresund, Southern Sweden. Bot Mar 45(6):510–517
Wilkonska H, Kapusta A (2007) Spatial and temporal variation in small fish occurrence in shallow habitats of the Vistula Lagoon (Southern Baltic Sea). Acta Zoologica Lituanica 17(3):203–212
Wlasow T, Gomulka P, Martyniak A, Boron S, Hliwa P, Terlecki J, Szymanska U (1998) Anguillicola crassus larvae in cormorant’s prey fish in Vistula Lagoon, Poland. Bull Fr Peche Piscic 349:223–227
Wolnomiejski N, Woznicka A (2008) A drastic reduction in abundance of Dreissena polymorpha Pall. In the Skoszewska Cove (Szczecin Lagoon, River Odra estuary): effects in the population and habitat. Ecol Quest 9:103–111
Wrange A-L, Valero J, Harkestad LS, Strand Ø, Lindegarth S, Christensen HT, Dolmer P, Kristensen PS, Mortensen S (2010) Massive settlements of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavia. Biol Invasions 12(5):1145–1152
Zaiko A, Olenin S (2004) Impact of invasive benthic crustaceans on the resuspension of bottom sediments: an experimental study approach. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 33(3):99–110
Zaiko A, Olenin S, Daunys D, Nalepa T (2007) Vulnerability of benthic habitats to the aquatic invasive species. Biol Invasions 9:703–714
Zaiko A, Daunys D, Olenin S (2009) Habitat engineering by the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) in a boreal coastal lagoon: impact on biodiversity. Helgol Mar Res 63(1):85–94
Zaiko A, Paškauskas R, Krevš A (2010). Biogeochemical alteration of benthic environment by zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). Oceanologia 52(4):649–667
Zander CD, Reimer LW, Barz K (1999) Parasite community of the Salzhaff (Northern Mecklenburg, Baltic Sea). I. Structure and dynamics of communities of littoral fish, especially small-size fish. Parasitol Res 85:356–372
Zemlys P, Daunys D, Olenin S (2001) Modelling of the zebra mussel impact on the Curonian lagoon ecosystem. Report, Klaipeda University (in Lithuanian)
Zettler ML, Daunys D (2007) Long-term macrozoobenthos changes in a shallow boreal lagoon: comparison of a recent biodiversity inventory with historical data. Limnologica 37:170–185
Zettler LM, Daunys D, Kotta J, Bick A (2002) History and success of invasion into the Baltic Sea: the polychaete Marenzelleria cg. viridis, development and strategies. In: Leppäkoski E, Gollasch S, Olenin S (eds) Invasive Aquatic species of Europe—distribution impacts and management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp 66–75
Zettler ML, Schiedek D, Bobertz B (2007) Benthic biodiversity indices versus salinity gradient in the Southern Baltic Sea. Mar Poll Bull 55:258–270
Zmudzinski L (1996) The effect of the introduction of the American species Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta; Spionidae) on the benthic ecosystem of Vistula Lagoon. Mar Ecol 17(1–3):221–226
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by Theme 6 of the EC seventh framework program through the Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment (MEECE No 212085) Collaborative Project and Lithuanian State Sciences and Studies Foundation Project Biological invasions in Lithuanian ecosystems under the climate change: causes, impacts and projections (BINLIT C-04/2008/2). The authors express their gratitude to Dan Minchin, John Milton Fogg and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and advises on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
See Table 1.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zaiko, A., Lehtiniemi, M., Narščius, A. et al. Assessment of bioinvasion impacts on a regional scale: a comparative approach. Biol Invasions 13, 1739–1765 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9928-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9928-z