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Laparoscopic fundoplication: When, how and what to do if it fails?

Laparoskopische Fundoplikatio: Indikation und Management von Komplikationen

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Zusammenfassung

GRUNDLAGEN: Sowohl die Gesamtzahl an Komplikationen nach antirefluxchirurgischen Eingriffen als auch der Prozentanteil an Patienten mit Problemen nach Fundoplikatio nimmt mit der Dauer des Überwachungszeitraumes zu. Therapeutische Schritte hängen einerseits von den Symptomen, damit von der Art und Intensität der Einschränkung der Lebensqualität des Patienten ab, andererseits von der dieser Problematik zugrunde liegenden morphologischen Veränderung. METHODIK: Es wird eine Übersicht über mögliche postoperative Symptome und deren Evaluierung gegeben, eine Korrelation zu morphologischen Befunden hergestellt und sich daraus ergebende Therapieoptionen aufgezeigt. Darüberhinaus werden die Symptome, morphologischen Veränderungen und deren therapeutische Konsequenzen anhand von 259 eigenen laparoskopischen Re-Eingriffen analysiert. ERGEBNISSE: Die häufigsten Probleme postoperativer Störungen nach Fundoplikatio sind anhaltendes oder wiederum aufgetretenes Sodbrennen, Dysphagie oder die Kombination beider. Im eigenen Krankengut traten diese Symptome vor der Erstrevision bei 201 Patienten 50 mal (Dysphagie), 72 mal (Sodbrennen) und 79 mal (Kombination beider Symptome) auf. Die häufigste morphologische Ursache für Komplikationen ist das sog. "Slippen" des Fundoplikats, das im eigenen Krankengut vor dem ersten Re-Engriff bei 141 Patienten, vor allen wiederholten Re-Eingriffen zusammen 194 mal vorgefunden wurde und damit 70,1 % bzw. 74,6 % aller Komplikationen betrifft. Sogenannte "Side effects" wie Blähungen oder unkontrollierte Darmtätigkeit treten gerne mit oben genannten Komplikationen auf, sind jedoch zumindest zum Teil mit einem Revisionseingriff reversibel. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Die Therapie postoperativer Komplikationen hängt immer von der Schwere der Symptome, das heißt, der Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität des Patienten ab. Liegt der Symptomatik ein morphologischer Fehler zugrunde, sollte eine Re-Fundoplikatio in Erwägung gezogen werden. Die Lebensqualität nimmt durch eine Re-Fundoplikatio deutlich zu, auch unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen sind in hohem Maße verbesserbar.

Summary

BACKGROUND: The number of complications following surgical antireflux procedures as well as the percentage of patients with problems after fundoplication increases with the time of surveillance. The therapy of those problems depends on the symptoms and an impaired quality of life of the patients and on the underlying morphologic failure which is responsible for those symptoms. METHODS: An overview of postoperative symptoms, diagnostic procedures and a correlation to morphologic changes and therapeutic options is given. Furthermore the symptoms, morphologic changes and therapeutic consequences of 259 redo-procedures of the own patient material are analyzed. RESULTS: The most frequent postoperative problems following fundoplication are ongoing or recurrent heartburn, dysphagia or the combination of both. Reviewing the own patient material those symptoms were present before the first redo 50 times for dysphagia, in 72 cases for heartburn and in 79 cases for the combination of both. The most frequent morphologic failure was the so-called "slip**" of the fundoplication intrathoracically (wrap migration). In the own patient material the so-called "slip**" was present in 141 patients (70.1%) before the first redo procedure and in 194 patients (74.6%) of all redo procedures. The so-called "side effects" like "gasbloat" or "bowl dysfunction" do have a high correlation to the above-mentioned complications. Following redo fundoplication these "side-effects" have a high tendency of reversibility. CONCLUSIONS: The therapy of postoperative complications depends on the severity of symptoms and the impairment of patients' quality of life. In terms of symptom relation to postoperative morphologic changes a refundoplication is advocated. Quality of life increases after refundoplication, and the number of "side-effects" decreases.

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Pointner, R., Granderath, F. Laparoscopic fundoplication: When, how and what to do if it fails?. Eur Surg 40, 261–269 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-008-0436-7

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