Abstract
Solid waste generation and its implications for people and the environment are global issues. The complexity of the waste composition and the ever-increasing percapita waste generation is a challenge for waste managers, particularly in develo** countries. Thus, the need to have a clear policy on waste management and legislation to realize that policy is imperative. Malaysia is develo** rapidly and problems such as the waste generation associated with development and industrialization are evident. The Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Bill, which was approved in August 2007 after a 10-year delay, is envisaged to have serious consequences in waste management practices and implementation in Malaysia. This article explores the main features of this all-encompassing bill and its impacts on the waste management scenario in Malaysia. In addition, a comparative evaluation is also discussed to explore the policies/legislation of selected countries vis-àvis the Malaysian bill.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
United Nations Environmental Programme (2002) Waste generation — how many million tonnes, really? http://www.vitalgraphics.net/waste/html_file/08-09_waste_generation.html. Accessed January 19, 2009
Fauziah SH, Simon C, Agamuthu P (2004) Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia — possibility of improvement? Malays J Sci 23(2):61–70
Central Intelligence Agency, United States of America (2008) The world factbook: Malaysia. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html. Accessed April 15, 2008
Agamuthu P, Fauziah SH (2006) MSW disposal in Malaysia: landfill management. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Expert Meeting on Solid Waste Management in Asia and the Pacific Islands, Kitakyushu, November 23–24, 2006
Agamuthu P, Khan N (1997) Solid waste characteristic and quantification in effective solid waste management. Ecotone Management, Kuala Lumpur, pp 2–10
Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia (2002) Waste generation statistics. http://www.kpkt.gov.my/statistik/perangkaan2002. Accessed April 15, 2008
Sekarajasekaran A, Lum WK (1982) Sanitation and waste disposal — treatment methods: planning and implementation. Development and the environmental crisis — a Malaysian case. Consumers’ Association of Penang, Penang, pp 305–315
Agamuthu P (2001) Solid waste: principle and management. University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur, pp 9–27
Nasir H, Theng LC, Rahman M (2000) Solid waste management — what is the Malaysian position? In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Management — issues and challenges in Malaysia, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, July 25–26, 2000
Agamuthu P, Fauziah SH, Noorazamimah Aiza A, Suhaila MO (2006) Recycling of municipal solid waste: is it sustainable? Presented at: The Green Chemistry Conference, Malaysian Institute of Chemistry, Kuala Lumpur, September 19–21, 2006
Neilsen CR, Ng ML (2004) Update of regulation of food packaging in the Pacific Rim — corporations must adapt to a myriad of regulatory systems to ensure compliance. http://www.packaginglaw.com/index_mf.cfm?id=159. Accessed September 3, 2008
Irra MS (1999) Sustainable waste management: an awareness study on cleaner technologies in the Klang Valley. Master’s Thesis, University of Malaya
Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Bill 2007. http://www.parlimen.gov.my/billindexbi/pdf/DR%20262007E.pdf. Accessed January 19, 2009
Tan CL (2007) Cautious Act. StarTwo. http://www.reach.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=530&Itemid=57. Accessed January 19, 2009
Environmental Quality Act (1974) (Act 127) & subsidiary legislation: as at 5 May 2007. International Law Book Services, Kuala Lumpur
Central Intelligence Agency, United States of America (2008) The world factbook: Singapore. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html. Accessed April 4, 2008
World Health Organization (2005) Environmental health country profile: Singapore. http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/578F1583-1B04-4FB8-9DA0-28B47234D985/0/singapore_ehcp_ehds28April05.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2008, p 11
Bhojwani V (2007) Singapore’s waste management policies. Presented at: The International Solid Waste Association Pre-General Assembly, Amsterdam, September 22, 2007
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (2005) State of the environment 2005 report. http://app.mewr.gov.sg/view.asp?id=CDS2078. Accessed April 7, 2008, pp 99
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources and National Environmental Agency (2006) Integrated solid waste management in Singapore. Presented at: The Asian 3R Conference, Tokyo, October 30 to November 1, 2006
Khoo CH (1991) Environmental management in Singapore. Environ Monit Assess 19:127–130
Jothieswaran P (2008) Urban waste management in Singapore. Presented at: The Regional and Sub-Regional Capacity-Building Workshops on Implementing National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and Mainstreaming Biodiversity — South, Southeast, and East Asia, Singapore, January 14–18, 2008
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (2007) Key environmental statistics 2007. http://app.mewr.gov.sg/data/images/KES_2007_Final.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2008, pp 6
Bergman J (2008) A vision from Singapore. Waste Management World 9(1) htp://www.waste-management-world.com/display_article/321575/123/CRTIS/none/none/1/A-vision-from-Singapore. Accessed April 16, 2008
Yan YH (2002) Recycling as a sustainable waste management strategy for Singapore: an investigation to find ways to promote Singaporean’s household waste recycling behaviour. Master’s Thesis, Lund University, p 4
Bai R, Sutanto M (2002) The practice and challenges of solid waste management in Singapore. Waste Manag 22(5):557–567
Central Intelligence Agency, United States of America (2008) The world factbook: Japan. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html. Accessed April 8, 2008
United Nations Statistics Division (2007) Environmental indicators and selected time series: municipal waste collection. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/qindicators.htm. Accessed February 25, 2008
World Health Organization (2005) Environmental health country profile: Japan. http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/3B2DC749-6C0D-4B6D-8C7D-70851B7ADDE4/0/JapanEHCPEHDS.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2008, p 5
Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2006) Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law 1970. www.env.go.jp/en/laws/recycle/01.pdf. Accessed September 3, 2008, p 1
Matsumoto K (2001) Solid waste administration reform. Japan Society of Waste Management Experts: Q Newsl 37. www.jswme.gr.jp/international/pdf/News37.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2008
Yamamura K (1983) Current status of waste management in Japan. Waste Manag Res 1(1):1–15
Moriguchi Y (2006) Establishing a sound material cycle society in Asia. Presented at: The Asia 3R Conference, Tokyo, October 30 to November 1, 2006. http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/3r/en/asia.html. Accessed April 1, 2008
National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA (1993) Integrated solid waste management in Japan. CSI Resource Systems Incorporated, Boston, pp 2–6
Tanaka M (1992) Reduction of and resource recovery from municipal solid waste in Japan. Waste Manag Res 10:453–459
United Nations Statistics Division (2007) Environmental indicators and selected time series: municipal waste treatment. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/wastetreatment.htm. Accessed February 25, 2008
Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association (2008) What is the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law? www.jcpra.or.jp/association/pamph/pdf/guide_eng_02.pdf. Accessed April 16, 2008
Kawagoe K (2003) Privatization of public services: agenda and expectations. Nomura Res Inst Pap 70(1):1–12
Central Intelligence Agency, United States of America (2008) The world factbook: Philippines. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html. Accessed April 10, 2008
World Bank (2001) Philippines environmental monitor 2001. http://www.worldbank.org.ph/external/default/main?pagePK=51187349&piPK=51189435&theSitePK=332982&menuPK=333010&searchMenuPK=333010&theSitePK=332982&entityID=000094946_02010711090330&searchMenuPK=333010&theSitePK=332982. Accessed April 10, 2008
World Health Organization (2005) Environmental health country profile: Philippines. http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/FA5CA9AA-B230-4863-837D-A0709ECAA514/0/philippines_ehcp_18Nov2004.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2008, p 16
United Nations (2002) Agenda 21 Johannesburg Summit 2002: country profiles — Philippines. http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/wssd/philippines.pdf. Accessed April 7, 2008, p 35
Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (2003) Implementing rules and regulations of the Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. http://www.elaw.org/resources/text.asp?ID=1574. Accessed April 10, 2008
Asian Development Bank (2002) Proposed technical assistance to the Republic of the Philippines for metro Manila solid waste management (TAR: PHI-35164). www.adb.org/Documents/TARS/PHI/tar_35164.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2008, p2
Andin ZL Jr (2006) Implementation of the 3Rs in the Philippines. Presented at: The Senior Officials Meeting on the 3R Initiative, Tokyo, March 6–8, 2006
National Solid Waste Management Commission (2001) http://eia.emb.gov.ph/nswmc/res/irr.PDF. Accessed April 10, 2008
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2004) Sanitation and country profile: Philippines. http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/philipi/sanitation2004.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2008, p 13
Muego AE, Mende EIM (2006) UEM — related policies and good practice in the Philippines. Presented at: The Experts Meeting on UEM Policies in Southeast Asia, Bangkok, October 30–31, 2006. www.sea-uema.ait.ac.th/SNP/ExpertsMeeting1/Philippines.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2008
Sapuay GP (2005) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003): a major step to better solid waste management in the Philippines. Presented at: The International Conference on Integrated Solid Waste Management in Southeast Asian Cities, Siem Reap, July 5–7, 2005. http://www.sea-uema.ait.ac.th/DOWNLOAD/ARL/ISWM_Conference/ISWM_July05.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2008, pp 51–59
Senate of the Philippines: 14th Congress, Resolution 258 (2007) http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/Bill_res.aspx?congress=14&q=SRN-258. Accessed April 10, 2008
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Periathamby, A., Hamid, F.S. & Khidzir, K. Evolution of solid waste management in Malaysia: impacts and implications of the solid waste bill, 2007. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 11, 96–103 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0231-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0231-3