Abstract
Due to the wide use of laser systems in human activities, an accidental event of laser exposure may occur where the most susceptible part to injury is the eye. A typical invisible pulsed, far IR, CO2 laser beam was used as an intrabeam accidentally struck an eye leading to raise its temperature to a limit where a pain sensation was started followed by aversion response with a delay of 0.25 s. At this time, the laser beam was assumed to terminate with respect to the cornea. The finite element method (FEM) was used successfully to predict, numerically, the temperature distribution through the anterior part of the eye when subjected to the laser beam. The FEM program was written using Visual Basic 6 coding. The effects of laser parameters such as laser beam profile, pulse width, and repetition rate on the temperature distribution and the consequential thermal damage were studied. The efficiency of the constructed computer program of the present work was examined by the comparison of the predicted results with those obtained from previously published experimental and theoretical works. The comparison shows good agreements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ready JF (1997) Industrial applications of lasers, 2nd edn. San Diego, USA
Mihran RT (1991) Interaction of laser radiation with structure of the eye. IEEE Trans Educ 34:250–257
Cicekli U (2003) Computational model for heat transfer in the human eye using the finite element method. Louisiana State University, Dissertation
Niemz MH (2007) Laser–tissue interactions. Springer, Berlin
Minkowycz WJ, Sparrow EM, Murthy JY (2006) Handbook of numerical heat transfer, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Ooi E, Ang W, Ng E (2007) Bioheat transfer in the human eye: a boundary element approach. Eng Anal Bound Elem 31:494–500
Mcquistion FC (2000) Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, 5th edn. Wiley, New York
Mishima S (1995) Some physiological aspect of the personal tear film. Arch Ophthalmol 73:233–241
Pradeep Gopalakrishnan (2005) Influence of laser parameters on selective retinal photocoagulation for macular diseases. Dissertation. University of Cincinnati.
Chen B (2007) Experimental and modeling study of thermal response of skin and cornea wavelengths laser irradiation. The University of Texas, Austin, Dissertation
Lewis RW, Morgan K, Thomas HR, Seetharamu KN (1996) The finite element method in heat transfer analysis. Wiley, Chichester, UK
Sapareto SA, Dewey WC (1984) Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10:787–800
Chato JC (1990) Fundamentals of bioheat transfer. In: Gautherie M (ed) Thermal dosimetry planning. Springer, Berlin
Roemer RB (1990) Thermal dosimetry. In: Gautherie M (ed) Thermal dosimetry planning. Springer, New York
Arkin H, Xu X, Holmes KR (1994) Recent developments in modeling heat transfer in blood perfusion tissues. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 41:97–107
Dewey WC (1994) Arrhenius relationships from the molecules and cell to the clinic. Int J Hyperth 10:457–483
Damianou CA, Hynynen K, Fan X (1995) Evaluation of accuracy of a theoretical model for predicting the necroses tissue volume during focused ultrasound surgery. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelect Freq Contr 42:182–187
Choi B, Welch AJ (2001) Analysis of thermal relaxation during laser irradiation of tissue. Lasers Surg Med 29:351–359
Framme C, Schuele G, Roider J, Birngruber R, Brinkmann (2004) Influence of pulse duration and pulse number in selective RPE treatment. Lasers Surg Med 34:206–215
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shibib, K.S. Finite element analysis of cornea thermal damage due to pulse incidental far IR laser. Lasers Med Sci 28, 871–877 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1168-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1168-2