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In vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips

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Abstract

Objective

This study assessed the impact of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip exposure on the genotoxicity and oxidative damage by means of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay by counting nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in buccal mucosa and attached gingiva cells and by analyzing in whole saliva the molecule 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 113 subjects divided into two groups: group 1 or control (n = 53), non-whitening strip exposed, and group 2 (n = 60), whitening strip exposed (Crest® 3D Whitestrips® premium plus, 10% hydrogen peroxide). Oral epithelial cells and whole saliva samples were taken at the beginning and 30 days later for group 1 and immediately before bleaching and 15 and 30 days after the end of the bleaching for group 2.

Results

An increased frequency of NAs (p < 0.05) and higher levels of 8-OHdG (p < 0.05) were observed after bleaching exposure. Also, a positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide and micronuclei was found.

Conclusion

Individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips exhibit NAs increased in oral epithelial cells and 8-OHdG in saliva, which is directed related to nuclear and oxidative DNA damage, respectively.

Clinical significance

Hydrogen peroxide is the active agent of tooth whitening and this compound induced DNA damage. Individuals exposed to whitening strips with 10% hydrogen peroxide exhibit increased genotoxic and oxidative damage. Therefore, self-application of bleaching agents should be handled carefully since it could be a risk to human health.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Dental Institute Research, Department of Clinical Odontalgics, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, José Maria Echauri y Juan Díaz Covarrubias s/n, Col. Independencia, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    José Francisco Del Real García, Fausto Rubén Saldaña-Velasco, Susana Vanessa Sánchez-de la Rosa, Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García, Gabriela Morales-Velazquez & Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez

  2. Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    José Francisco Del Real García & Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda

  3. Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Mexico

    María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada

Authors
  1. José Francisco Del Real García
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  2. Fausto Rubén Saldaña-Velasco
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  5. Gabriela Morales-Velazquez
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  6. Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
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  7. Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
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  8. María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
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  9. Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the medical ethics review committee at the Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

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Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

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Del Real García, J.F., Saldaña-Velasco, F.R., Sánchez-de la Rosa, S.V. et al. In vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips. Clin Oral Invest 23, 3033–3046 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2716-3

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