Abstract
The Dumarey equation has been the dominant relationship used to calculate the mass concentration of saturated elemental mercury vapour in air for the calibration of mercury vapour measurement equipment for over 25 years. However, the origin of the equation, and the validation data supporting its accuracy have never been published. This paper addresses that deficiency, compares the Dumarey equation with other data sets to which it has been wrongly attributed in the past, and describes why it remains superior to the use of mercury vapour pressure data in combination with the ideal gas law, for the purposes of calibrating mercury vapour measurement equipment.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00769-010-0645-1/MediaObjects/769_2010_645_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00769-010-0645-1/MediaObjects/769_2010_645_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00769-010-0645-1/MediaObjects/769_2010_645_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00769-010-0645-1/MediaObjects/769_2010_645_Fig4_HTML.gif)
References
European Commission Working Group on Mercury, European Commission (2002) Ambient air pollution by mercury (Hg): position paper. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
European Committee for Standardisation (2007) EN 1483:2007 Water quality. Determination of mercury—method using atomic absorption spectrometry. CEN, Brussels
International Standardisation Organisation (2006) ISO 17852:2006 Water quality—determination of mercury—method using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. ISO, Geneva
Huber ML, Laesecke A, Friend DG (2006) Correlation for the vapor pressure of mercury. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:7351
Brown RJC, Pirrone N, van Hoek C, Sprovieri F, Fernandez R, Tote K (2010) Standardisation of a European measurement method for the determination of total gaseous mercury: results of the field trials campaign and determination of a measurement uncertainty and working range. J Environ Monit. doi:10.1039/B924955A
Brown RJC, Pirrone N, van Hoek C, Horvat M, Kotnik J, Wangberg I, Corns WT, Bieber E, Sprovieri F (2010) Standardisation of a European measurement method for the determination of mercury in deposition: results of the field trial campaign and determination of a measurement uncertainty and working range. Accred Qual Assur. doi:10.1007/s00769-010-0636-2
European Commission (2005) Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Off J Eur Union L23:3–16
Clean Air Mercury Rule. http://www.epa.gov/mercuryrule (assessed January 2010)
Temmerman E, Dumarey R, Dams R (1985) Optimization and evaluation of reduction-aeration/amalgamation for the analysis of mercury in drinking-water by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Anal Lett 18:203–216
Caroli S, Forte G, Iamiceli AL, Lusi A (1996) Stability of mercury dilute aqueous solutions: an open issue. Microchem J 54:418–428
Coyne RV, Collins JA (1972) Loss of mercury from water during storage. Anal Chem 44:1093–1096
Dumarey R, Heindryckx R, Dams R, Hoste J (1979) Determination of volatile mercury compounds in air with the coleman mercury analyzer system. Anal Chim Acta 107:159–167
Antoine C (1888) Tensions des vapeurs; nouvelle relation entre les tensions et les temperatures. C R Seances Acad Sci 107:681–684
Dumarey R (1984) De bepaling van kwik in luchtmonsters met behulp van koude damp-atoomabsorptiespectrometrie. PhD Doctoral Thesis, University of Gent
Brown RJC, Brown AS (2008) Accurate calibration of mercury vapour measurements. Analyst 133:1611–1618
Dumarey R, Dams R (1984) Pyrolysis/CVAAS for the determination of mercury in solid environmental samples. Microchim Acta 84:191–198
Dumarey R, Heindryckx R, Dams R (1980) Determination of mercury in environmental standard reference materials by pyrolysis. Anal Chim Acta 118:381–383
Dumarey R, Temmerman E, Dams R, Hoste J (1985) The accuracy of the vapour-injection calibration method for the determination of mercury by amalgamation/cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 170:337–340
Ebdon L, Corns WT, Stockwell PB, Stockwell PM (1989) Application of a computer-controlled adsorber/desorber system to monitor mercury in air or gas samples: Part 1. Calibration and system description. J Automatic Chem 11:247–253
Brown RJC, Brown AS, Corns WT, Stockwell PB (2008) Establishing SI traceability for measurements of mercury vapour. Analyst 133:946–953
Weast RC (ed) (1971) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 52nd edn. Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, Boca Raton
Weast RC (ed) (1979) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 60th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Knudsen M (1909) Ann Phys 29:179–193
International Standardisation Organisation (2003) ISO 6978-2:2003 Natural gas—determination of mercury—Part 2: sampling of mercury by amalgamation on gold/platinum alloy. ISO, Gevena
European Committee for Standardisation (2009) FprEN 15852:2009 Ambient air quality—standard method for the determination of total gaseous mercury. CEN, Brussels
Brown RJC, Brown AS, Corns WT, Stockwell PB (2008) Accurate calibration of mercury vapour indicators for occupational exposure measurements using a dynamic mercury vapour generator. Instrum Sci Tech 36:611–622
Brown RJC, Brown AS, Yardley RE, Corns WT, Stockwell PB (2008) A practical uncertainty budget for ambient mercury vapour measurement. Atmos Env 42:2504–2517
Mercury Vapor Pressure Correlation, http://www.nist.gov/cstl/analytical/inorganic/hgvaporpressure.cfm (assessed January 2010)
Acknowledgments
The UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills’ funding of the National Measurement System Chemical and Biological Metrology Programme is gratefully acknowledged. The very useful discussions with members of CEN/TC 264/WG 25 and with Dr Steve Long (NIST) are gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dumarey, R., Brown, R.J.C., Corns, W.T. et al. Elemental mercury vapour in air: the origins and validation of the ‘Dumarey equation’ describing the mass concentration at saturation. Accred Qual Assur 15, 409–414 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-010-0645-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-010-0645-1