SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular characterization of the gag gene of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus from goats in the Philippines

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) causes caprine arthritis encephalitis syndrome, which is an emerging disease of goats in the Philippines. DNA sequence analysis showed homology of 86–93 % between Philippine CAEV and available CAEV sequences in GenBank. CAEV was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and new sets of primers were designed in order to amplify the gag gene, which is a highly conserved region of the viral genome. In addition, the Philippine CAEV isolate clustered in group B with the prototype caprine lentivirus. Based on amino acid sequence alignments, it is possible that the Philippine CAEV isolate is a new strain of CAEV, but it is also possible that it was already present in the country even before the start of goat importation. Molecular characterization of the CAEV gag gene is important for the development of a detection kit specific for the local strain of CAEV and the establishment of small ruminant lentivirus eradication programs in the Philippines. This study is the first report to describe the molecular characteristics of CAEV circulating in the Philippines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gendelman HE, Narayan O, Molineaux S, Clements JE, Ghotbi Z (1985) Slow, persistent replication of lentiviruses: role of tissue macrophages and macrophage precursors in bone marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(20):7086–7090

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. De Boer GF, Terpstra C, Houwers DJ, Hendricks J (1979) Studies in epidemiology of maedi/visna in sheep. Res Vet Sci 26(2):202–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Greenwood PL, North RN, Kirkland PD (1995) Prevalence, spread and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in dairy goat herds in New South Wales. Aust Vet J 72(9):341–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Santry LA, De Jong J, Gold AC, Walsh SR, Menzies PI, Wootton SK (2013) Genetic characterization of small ruminant lentiviruses circulating in naturally infected sheep and goats in Ontario, Canada. Virus Res 175(1):30–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Blacklaws BA, Berriatua E, Torsteinsdottir S, Watt NJ, de Andres D, Klein D, Harkiss GD (2004) Transmission of small ruminant lentiviruses. Vet Microbiol 101(3):199–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Turelli P, Guiguen F, Mornex JF, Vigne R, Quérat G (1997) dUTPase-minus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is attenuated for pathogenesis and accumulates G-to-A substitutions. J Virol 71(6):4522

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Saltarelli M, Querat G, Konings DA, Vigne R, Clements J (1990) Nucleotide sequences and transcriptional analysis of molecular clones of CAEV which generates infectious virus. Virology 179:347–364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Castro RS, Greenland T, Leite RC, Gouveia A, Mornex JF, Cordier G (1999) Conserved sequence motifs involving the tat reading frame of Brazilian caprine lentiviruses indicate affiliations to both caprine-arthritis encephalitis virus and visna-maedi virus. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 7):1583–1589

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Karr BM, Chebloune Y, Leung K, Narayan O (1996) Genetic characterization of two phenotypically distinct North American ovine lentiviruses and their possible origin from caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Virology 225(1):1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaba J, Rola M, Materniak M, Kuzmak J, Nowicki M (2009) Isolation and characterization of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats from Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 12(2):183–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shah C, Huder JB, Boni J, Schonmann M, Muhlherr J, Lutz H, Schupbach J (2004) Direct evidence for natural transmission of small ruminant lentiviruses of subtype A4 from goats to sheep and vice versa. J Virol 78(14):7518–7522

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Zanoni RG (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses. J Gen Virol 79(Pt 8):1951–1961

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Peterhans E, Greenland T, Badiola J, Harkiss J, Bertoni G, Amorena B, Eliaszewicz M, Juste RA, Krassnig R, Lafont JP, Lenihan P, Petursson G, Pritchard G, Thorley J, Vitu C, Mornex JF, Pepin M (2004) Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes. Vet Res 35(3):257–274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Contreras A, Corrales JC, Sanchez A, Aduriz JJ, Gonzalez L, Marco J (1998) Caprine arthritis-encephalitis in an indigenous Spanish breed of dairy goats. Vet Rec 142:140–142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Al-Qudah K, Al-Majali AM, Ismail ZB (2006) Epidemiological studies on caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in Jordan. Small Rumin Res 66:181–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Leitner G, Krifucks O, Weisblit L, Lavi Y, Bernstein S, MerinLerondelle U (2010) The effect of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection on production in goats. Vet J 183:328–331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Leitner G, Merin U, Silanikove N (2004) Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in goats. J Dairy Sci 87:1719–1726

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Smith MC, Cutlip R (1998) Effects of infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus on milk production in goats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:63–67

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bergonier D, De Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul G, Berthelot X (2003) Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Vet Res 34:689–716

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Malher X, Seegers H, Beaudeau F (2001) Culling and mortality in large dairy goat herds managed under intensive conditions in western France. Livestock Prod Sci 71:75–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bondoc OL (2005) Philippine Goat Breed Registry in relation to genetic improvement and conservation. Philippine Agric Sci 88(2):179–191

    Google Scholar 

  22. Goat Industry Performance Report. Bureau of Agricultural Statistics 2014

  23. Lluz A, Orais A, Dumilon R, Orais A, Cerbito W (2011) First detection of caprine arthritis encephalitis infection in goats using ELISA test in eastern Visayas, Philippines. J Vet Anim Sci 37(2):159–166

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gonzales JVC, Domingo CYJ, Abes NS, Gutierrez CA, Villanueva MA, Mingala CN (2013) Concordance of competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nested-polymerase chain reaction in the detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Small Rumin Res 115:134–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. DA-AO 17. Department of Agriculture Administrative Order No. 17, Series of 2004. Philippines

  26. BAI (2004) Handbook on diagnostic laboratory data 2004. Philippine Animal Health Center, Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture

  27. Huang J, Sun Y, Liu Y, **ao H, Zhuang S (2012) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus proviral DNA. Arch Virol 157(8):1463–1469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tajima S, Ikawa Y, Aida Y (1998) Complete bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus is conserved in BLV-infected cattle throughout the course of B-cell lymphosarcoma development. J Virol 113:55–56

    Google Scholar 

  29. Konishi M, Tsuduku S, Haritani M, Murakami K, Tsuboi T, Kobayashi C, Yoshikawa K, Kimura K, Sentsui H (2004) An epidemic of caprine arthritis encephalitis in Japan: isolation of the virus. J Vet Med Sci 66(8):911–917

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA 5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28(10):4673–4680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L’Homme Y, Ouardani M, Levesque V, Bertoni G, Simard C, Pisoni G (2011) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses isolated from Canadian sheep and goats. Virol J 8:271

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Cork LC, Hadlow WJ, Crawford TB, Gorham JR, Piper RC (1974) Infectious leukoencephalomyelitis of young goats. J Infect Dis 129(2):134–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gjerset B, Storset AK, Rimstad E (2006) Genetic diversity of small ruminant lentiviruses: characterization of Norwegian isolates of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol 87(Pt3):573–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Pisoni G, Quasso A, Moroni P (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of small-ruminant lentivirus subtype B1 in mixed flocks: evidence for natural transmission from goats to sheep. Virology 339(2):147–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Leroux C, Chatang J, Greenland T, Mornex JF (1997) Genomic heterogeneity of small ruminant lentiviruses: existence of heterogenous population in sheep and of the same lentiviral genotypes in sheep and goats. Arch Virol 142(6):1125–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Pisoni G, Bertoni G, Puricelli M, Macalli M, Moroni P (2007) Demonstration of coinfection with the recombination by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and maedi-visna virus in naturally infected goats. J Virol 81(10):4948–4955

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang L, Diaz RS, Ho DD, Mosley JW, Busch MP, Mayer A (1997) Host specific driving force in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo. J Virol 71(3):2555–2561

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Conteras A, Corrales JC, Sanchez A, Sierra D (1997) Persistence of subclinical intramammary pathogens in goats throughout lactation. J Dairy Sci 80(11):2815–2819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Pisoni G, Bertoni G, Boettcher P, Ponti W, Moroni P (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of the gag region encoding the matrix protein of small ruminant lentiviruses: comparative analysis and molecular epidemiological applications. Virus Res 116(1–2):159–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Gil A, Rola M, Kuzmak J (2006) Application of PCR technique in diagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus infection in sheep and goats. Pol J Vet Sci 9(4):213–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Leginagoika I, Minguijon E, Berriatua E, Juste RA (2009) Improvements in the detection of small lentivirus infection in the blood of sheep by PCR. J Virol Methods 156(1–2):145–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Balbin MM, Belotindos LP, Abes NS, Mingala CN (2014) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus detection in blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the proviral gag region. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 79:37–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Arnel N. del Barrio, Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) Executive Director, for the support to finish the study. Thanks to the DOST-GIA and DOST-PCAARRD for the research grant and for monitoring the progress of the research, respectively. Also, special thanks to all the staff of the Animal Health Unit of PCC for their technical support.

Author information

Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Animal Health Unit, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Munoz, 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

      Ryan Bismark C. Padiernos, Michelle M. Balbin & Claro N. Mingala

    2. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

      Ryan Bismark C. Padiernos & Arman M. Parayao

    3. Affiliate Faculty, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

      Claro N. Mingala

    Authors
    1. Ryan Bismark C. Padiernos
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    2. Michelle M. Balbin
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    3. Arman M. Parayao
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    4. Claro N. Mingala
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Claro N. Mingala.

    Additional information

    R. B. C. Padiernos and C. N. Mingala contributed equally to this work.

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    About this article

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this article

    Padiernos, R.B.C., Balbin, M.M., Parayao, A.M. et al. Molecular characterization of the gag gene of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus from goats in the Philippines. Arch Virol 160, 969–978 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2359-5

    Download citation

    • Received:

    • Accepted:

    • Published:

    • Issue Date:

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2359-5

    Keywords

    Search

    Navigation