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Exonuclease-assisted multicolor aptasensor for visual detection of ochratoxin A based on G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme-mediated etching of gold nanorod

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Abstract

An exonuclease-assisted multicolor aptasensor was developed for the visual detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). It is based on the etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs) mediated by a G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme. A DNA sequence (AG4-OTA) was designed that comprises a hemin aptamer and an OTA aptamer. OTA binds to AG4-OTA to form an antiparallel G-quadruplex, which halts its digestion by exonuclease I (Exo I) from the 3′-end of AG4-OTA. Thus, the retained hemin aptamer can bind to hemin to form a G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme. This DNAzyme has peroxidase-like activity that catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to produce its diimine derivative (TMB2+) in acidic solution. TMB2+ can etch the AuNRs by oxidizing Au(0) into Au(I). This results in the generation of rainbow-like colors and provides a multicolor platform for the visual detection of OTA. The assay is based on the use of a single isolated aptamer and possesses obvious advantages such as multi-color visual inspection, relatively high sensitivity and accuracy. It can be used to detect as little as 30 nM concentrations of OTA by visual observation and even 10 nM concentrations by spectrophotometry. The method was successfully applied to the determination of OTA in spiked beer where it gave recoveries of 101–108%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of <5%.

Schematic of an exonuclease-assisted multicolor bioassay based on the G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme-mediated etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). It enables visual detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) with a detection limit of 30 nM.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1600500), NSFC (21505020, 21677034) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT-15R11) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China

    **nhui Yu, Yaohui Lin, Xusheng Wang, Liangjun Xu & FengFu Fu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Zongwen Wang

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  1. **nhui Yu
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  2. Yaohui Lin
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Correspondence to Zongwen Wang or FengFu Fu.

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Yu, X., Lin, Y., Wang, X. et al. Exonuclease-assisted multicolor aptasensor for visual detection of ochratoxin A based on G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme-mediated etching of gold nanorod. Microchim Acta 185, 259 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2811-9

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