SpringerLink
Log in

A nanocomposite prepared from a polypyrrole deep eutectic solvent and coated onto the inner surface of a steel capillary for electrochemically controlled microextraction of acidic drugs such as losartan

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The authors describe a new coating for use in electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction (EC-IT-SPME). It consists of a nanocomposite that was prepared from polypyrrole and deep eutectic solvent (DES) by electrochemical deposition on the inner walls of a stainless steel capillary that serves as a working electrode. The hypertension drug losartan acts as an acidic model analyte. The extraction efficiency, mechanical stability, chemical stability and lifetime of the coating were investigated. It is found to be quite stable in relatively acidic and basic media and to be re-usable >450 times without decrease in extraction efficiency. Its extraction capability in comparison to the commercial polypyrrole coating is better by a factor of 1.5. The coated steel capillary was used as the anode (anion-exchanger), and a platinum electrode was used as the cathode. By passing a sample solution through the electrode, losartan can be extracted by applying a positive potential to the flow. In the next step, losartan is electrochemically desorbed and subjected to HPLC analysis with UV detection. Under optimal conditions, losartan can be quantified with limits of detection that range from 50 to 500 ng L−1 depending on the sample matrix. Response is linear in the 0.1–500 μg L−1 concentration range. The inter- and intra-assay precisions (RSDs; in %, for n = 3) are in the range from 2.4–4.6% and from 1.9–3.9%, respectively.

Schematic of the preparation of a nano-structured polypyrrole-deep eutectic solvent nanocomposite coating placed on the inner surface of a stainless steel capillary and used for electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction of losartan from biological samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Eisert R, Pawliszyn J (1997) Automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 69:3140–3147. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac970319a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kataoka H (2002) Automated sample preparation using in-tube solid-phase microextraction and its application - a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 373:31–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1269-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu J, Tragas C, Lord H, Pawliszy J (2002) Analysis of polar pesticides in water and wine samples by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 976:357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01072-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Queiroz MEC, Melo LP (2014) Selective capillary coating materials for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography to determine drugs and biomarkers in biological samples: a review. Anal Chim Acta 826:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Melo LP, Queiroz RHC, Queiroz MEC (2011) Automated determination of rifampicin in plasma samples by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B 879:2454–2458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Esrafili A, Rezaei F (2015) Electroplating of nanostructured polyaniline–polypyrrole composite coating in a stainless-steel tube for on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1397:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Safari M, Shamsayei M (2016) Evaluation of in-tube solid-phase microextraction method for co-extraction of acidic, basic, and neutral drugs. RSC Adv 6:14049–14058. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA27825B

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Rezaei F, Seidi S (2015) Nanostructured polypyrrole for automated and electrochemically controlled in-tube solid-phase microextraction of cationic nitrogen compounds. Microchim Acta 182:1941–1948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1534-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Seidi S, Shamsayei M, Safari M, Rezaei F (2016) On-line electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction of inorganic selenium followed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 922:37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bagheri H, Aghakhani A, Akbari M, Ayazi Z (2011) Electrospun composite of polypyrrole polyamide as a micro-solid phase extraction sorbent. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:3607–3613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao S, Wu M, Zhao F, Zeng B (2013) Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline–polypyrrole solid-phase microextraction coating and its application in the GC determination of several esters. Talanta 117:146–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4993-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wu J, Pawliszyn J (2004) Solid-phase microextraction based on polypyrrole films with different counter ions. Anal Chim Acta 520:257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Saraji M, Rezaei B, Boroujeni MK, Bidgoli AAH (2013) Polypyrrole/sol–gel composite as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water and vegetable samples. J Chromatogr A 1279:20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sarafraz-Yazdi A, Rounaghi G, Razavipanah I, Vatani H, Amiri A (2014) New polypyrrole carbon nanotubes–silicon dioxide solid-phase microextraction fiber for the preconcentration and determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene using gas liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 37:2605–2612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201400178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhu Q, Gao F, Yang Y, Zhang B, Wang W, Hu Z, Wang Q (2015) Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline capped Bi2S3nanocomposite and its application in impedimetric DNA biosensor. Sensors Actuators B Chem 207:819–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ho TD, Canestraro AJ, Anderson JL (2011) Ionic liquids in solid-phase microextraction: a review. Anal Chim Acta 695:18–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Favre C, Abello L, Delabouglise D (1997) Effect of the anion on the level and aging of the conducting state of electropolymerized 3-methylthiophene thin films. Adv Mater 9:722–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19970090909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lu W, Mattes BR (2005) Factors influencing electrochemical actuation of polyaniline fibers in ionic liquids. Synth Met 152:53–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ai Y, Zhao F, Zeng B (2015) Novel proton-type ionic liquid doped polyaniline for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of amines. Anal Chim Acta 880:60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wu M, Zhang H, Zhao F, Zeng B (2014) A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ionic liquid composite coating for the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography determination of several alcohols in soft drinks. Anal Chim Acta 850:41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao F, Wang M, Ma Y, Zeng B (2011) Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline–ionic liquid based solid phase microextraction fiber and its application in the determination of benzene derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1218:387–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Leron RB, Li M (2013) Solubility of carbon dioxide in a choline chloride–ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent. Thermochim Acta 551:14–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. García A, Rodríguez-Juan E, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Rios JJ, Fernández-Bolaños J (2016) Extraction of phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil by deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Food Chem 197:554–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh B, Lobo H, Shankarling G (2011) Selective n-alkylation of aromatic primary amines catalyzed by bio-catalyst or deep eutectic solvent. Catal Lett 141:178–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-010-0479-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Leron RB, Li M (2012) High-pressure density measurements for choline chloride: urea deep eutectic solvent and its aqueous mixtures at T = (298.15 to 323.15) K and up to 50 MPa. J Chem Thermodynamics 54:293–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2012.05.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jhong H, Wong D, Wan C, Wang Y, Wei T (2009) A novel deep eutectic solvent-based ionic liquid used as electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochem Commun 11:209–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.11.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Abbott AP, Capper G, McKenzie KJ, Ryder KS (2007) Electrodeposition of zinc–tin alloys from deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride. J Electroanal Chem 599:288–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.04.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Matuszewski BK, Constanzer ML, Chavez-Eng CM (2003) Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 75:3019–3030. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020361s

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang M, Wei F, Zhang Y, Nie J, Feng Y (2006) Novel polymer monolith microextraction using a poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith and its application to simultaneous analysis of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1102:294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nie J, Zhang M, Fan Y, Wen Y, **ang B, Feng Y (2005) Biocompatible in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to HPLC for the determination of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B 828:62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rao RN, Raju SS, Vali RM (2013) Ionic-liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographic determination of anti-hypertensives in rat serum. J Chromatogr B 931:174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Financial support from Tarbiat Modares University is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran

    Hamid Asiabi, Yadollah Yamini, Maryam Shamsayei & Jamshid Azarnia Mehraban

Authors
  1. Hamid Asiabi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yadollah Yamini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maryam Shamsayei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jamshid Azarnia Mehraban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yadollah Yamini.

Ethics declarations

The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 547 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Asiabi, H., Yamini, Y., Shamsayei, M. et al. A nanocomposite prepared from a polypyrrole deep eutectic solvent and coated onto the inner surface of a steel capillary for electrochemically controlled microextraction of acidic drugs such as losartan. Microchim Acta 185, 169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2684-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2684-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation