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An Experimental Study of Dynamic Tensile Failure of Rocks Subjected to Hydrostatic Confinement

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Abstract

It is critical to understand the dynamic tensile failure of confined rocks in many rock engineering applications, such as underground blasting in mining projects. To simulate the in situ stress state of underground rocks, a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar system is utilized to load Brazilian disc (BD) samples hydrostatically, and then exert dynamic load to the sample by impacting the striker on the incident bar. The pulse shaper technique is used to generate a slowly rising stress wave to facilitate the dynamic force balance in the tests. Five groups of Laurentian granite BD samples (with static BD tensile strength of 12.8 MPa) under the hydrostatic confinement of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa were tested with different loading rates. The result shows that the dynamic tensile strength increases with the hydrostatic confining pressure. It is also observed that under the same hydrostatic pressure, the dynamic tensile strength increases with the loading rate, revealing the so-called rate dependency for engineering materials. Furthermore, the increment of the tensile strength decreases with the hydrostatic confinement, which resembles the static tensile behavior of rock under confining pressure, as reported in the literature. The recovered samples are examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography method and the observed crack pattern is consistent with the experimental result.

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Abbreviations

SHPB:

Split Hopkinson pressure bar

BD:

Brazilian disc

CT:

Computed tomography

LG:

Laurentian granite

ISRM:

International Society for Rock Mechanics

\(A_{{{\kern 1pt} {\text{b}}}}\) :

Cross-sectional area of the bars (mm2)

\(A_{{{\kern 1pt} {\text{s}}}}\) :

Contact area between the sample and the transmitted bar (mm2)

\(\sigma_{{{\kern 1pt} 0}}\) :

Pump oil pressure (MPa)

\(\sigma_{{{\kern 1pt} 1}}\) :

Stresses of the sample at the transmitted bar end (MPa)

\(\sigma_{{{\kern 1pt} 2}}\) :

Stresses of the sample at the incident bar end (MPa)

\(\varepsilon_{\text{i}}\) :

Incident strain wave

\(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}\) :

Reflected strain wave

\(\varepsilon_{\text{t}}\) :

Transmitted strain wave

\(P_{1}\) :

Force on incident end of the Brazilian disc specimen (N)

\(P_{2}\) :

Force on transmitted end of the Brazilian disc specimen (N)

\(E_{\text{b}}\) :

Young’s modulus of the bars (GPa)

B :

Thickness of the Brazilian disc specimen (mm)

D :

Diameter of the Brazilian disc specimen (mm)

\(\sigma\) :

Tensile stress at the center of the Brazilian disc specimen (MPa)

S :

Dynamic tensile strength of the Brazilian disc specimen (MPa)

S 0 :

Static Brazilian tensile strength of Laurentian granite (MPa)

P :

Hydrostatic pressure of the Brazilian disc samples before impact (MPa)

P 0 :

Reference hydrostatic pressure (1 MPa)

\(\dot{\sigma }\) :

Loading rate of the dynamic test (GPa/s)

\(\dot{\sigma }_{0}\) :

Reference loading rate (1 GP/s)

\(\alpha\) :

Fitting parameter for the tensile strength versus hydrostatic pressure

\(\beta\) :

Fitting parameter for the tensile strength versus loading rate

n :

Fitting parameter for the tensile strength versus loading rate

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the Innovative Research Groups of Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant #51321065 and NSFC Grant #51479131. K. X.’s research was partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Discovery Grant # 72031326. We would also like to thank Prof. Giovanni Grasselli at the University of Toronto for the access to his X-ray micro-CT scanning system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tian** University, Tian**, 300072, China

    Bangbiao Wu & Kaiwen **a

  2. Department of Civil Engineering and Lassonde Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada

    Bangbiao Wu, Wei Yao & Kaiwen **a

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  1. Bangbiao Wu
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  2. Wei Yao
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Correspondence to Kaiwen **a.

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Wu, B., Yao, W. & **a, K. An Experimental Study of Dynamic Tensile Failure of Rocks Subjected to Hydrostatic Confinement. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49, 3855–3864 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0946-8

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