Abstract
IA-2 and IA-2β are transmembrane proteins of dense-core vesicles (DCV). The deletion of these proteins results in a reduction in the number of DCV and the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. As a result, this leads to a variety of pathophysiologic changes. The purpose of this review is to describe these changes, which are characterized by glucose intolerance, female infertility, behavior and learning abnormalities and alterations in the diurnal circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, spontaneous physical activity and body temperature. These findings show that the deletion of IA-2 and IA-2β results in multiple pathophysiologic changes and represents a unique in vivo model for studying the effect of hormone and neurotransmitter reduction on known and still unrecognized targets.
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Acknowledgments
We thank previous and current members of the laboratory and collaborators for their excellent contributions to the IA-2/IA-2β studies. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH.
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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.
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All studies were performed according to NIH guidelines.
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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
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Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.
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Cai, T., Notkins, A.L. Pathophysiologic changes in IA-2/IA-2β null mice are secondary to alterations in the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. Acta Diabetol 53, 7–12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-015-0750-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-015-0750-z