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Overexpression of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria effector AvrBsT in Arabidopsis triggers plant cell death, disease and defense responses

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Abstract

Recognition of bacterial effector proteins by plant cells is crucial for plant disease and defense response signaling. The Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) type III effector protein, AvrBsT, is secreted into plant cells from Xcv strain Bv5-4a. Here, we demonstrate that dexamethasone (DEX): avrBsT overexpression triggers cell death signaling in healthy transgenic Arabidopsis plants. AvrBsT overexpression in Arabidopsis also reduced susceptibility to infection with the obligate biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Overexpression of avrBsT significantly induced some defense-related genes in Arabidopsis leaves. A high-throughput in planta proteomics screen identified TCP-1 chaperonin, SEC7-like guanine nucleotide exchange protein and calmodulin-like protein, which were differentially expressed in DEX:avrBsT-overexpression (OX) Arabidopsis plants during Hp. arabidopsidis infection. Treatment with purified GST-tagged AvrBsT proteins distinctly inhibited the growth and sporulation of Hp. arabidopsidis on Arabdiopsis cotyledons. In contrast, DEX:avrBsT-OX plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection. Notably, susceptible cell death and enhanced electrolyte leakage were significantly induced in the Pst-infected leaves of DEX:avrBsT-OX plants. Together, these results suggest that Xcv effector AvrBsT overexpression triggers plant cell death, disease and defense signaling leading to both disease and defense responses to microbial pathogens of different lifestyles.

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Abbreviations

DAB:

3′-diaminobenzidine

DEX:

Dexamethasone

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HR:

Hypersensitive response

OX:

Overexpression

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

Pst :

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Xcv :

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Next Generation BioGreen21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center; Grant No. PJ008027), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. In Sun Hwang

    Present address: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    In Sun Hwang, Nak Hyun Kim, Du Seok Choi & Byung Kook Hwang

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  1. In Sun Hwang
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  2. Nak Hyun Kim
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Correspondence to Byung Kook Hwang.

Additional information

I. S. Hwang and N. H. Kim contributed equally to this work.

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425_2012_1672_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Fig. 1. Growth phenotypes of wild-type (Col-0) and DEX:avrBsT-OX transgenic Arabidopsis plants (lines #3, #4 and #5) at 1-, 2- and 5-week-old plant developmental stages. All the plants non-treated with dexamethasone (DEX) did not show any cell death phenotype on the leaves (PDF 60 kb)

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Hwang, I.S., Kim, N.H., Choi, D.S. et al. Overexpression of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria effector AvrBsT in Arabidopsis triggers plant cell death, disease and defense responses. Planta 236, 1191–1204 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1672-4

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