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Expression of callose synthase genes and its connection with Npr1 signaling pathway during pathogen infection

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Abstract

Callose synthesis occurs at specific stages of plant cell wall development in all cell types, and in response to pathogen attack, wounding and physiological stresses. We determined the expression pattern of “upstream regulatory sequence” of 12 Arabidopsis callose synthase genes (CalS1–12) genes and demonstrated that different callose synthases are expressed specifically in different tissues during plant development. That multiple CalS genes are expressed in the same cell type suggests the possibility that CalS complex may be constituted by heteromeric subunits. Five CalS genes were induced by pathogen (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis, previously known as Peronospora parasitica, the causal agent of downy mildew) or salicylic acid (SA), while the other seven CalS genes were not affected by these treatments. Among the genes that are induced, CalS1 and CalS12 showed the highest responses. In Arabidopsis npr1 mutant, impaired in response of pathogenesis related (PR) genes to SA, the induction of CalS1 and CalS12 genes by the SA or pathogen treatments was significantly reduced. The patterns of expression of the other three CalS genes were not changed significantly in the npr1 mutant. These results suggest that the high induction observed of CalS1 and CalS12 is Npr1 dependent while the weak induction of five CalS genes is Npr1 independent. In a T-DNA knockout mutant of CalS12, callose encasement around the haustoria on the infected leaves was reduced and the mutant was found to be more resistant to downy mildew as compared to the wild type plants.

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Abbreviations

as-1 :

Activating sequence 1

BTH:

Benzothiadiazole

CalS:

Callose synthase

Gsl:

Glucan synthase-like

GUS:

β-glucuronidase

JA:

Jasmonic acid

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonic acid

NahG:

Naphthalene (salicylate) hydroxylase G

Npr1 :

Nonexpresser of PR genes

pmr4 :

Powdery mildew resistant 4

SA:

Salicylic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

TGA:

cis-acting element TGACG

TGA-Bzip:

The basic leucine zipper transcription factors that recognize cis-acting element TGACG

W-box:

cis-acting element (TTGAC) that is recognized by WRKY proteins

WRKY proteins:

DNA-binding proteins containing a highly conserved WRKY sequence

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. J. McDowell (Virginia Technology Institute) for providing H. arabidopsis isolate Emco5; D. Bisaro (Ohio State University) for comments on this manuscript, and ABRC (Ohio State University) for seeds of Arabidopsis npr1-3, nahG, and T-DNA insertional lines. This work was supported by NSF grant IBN-0095112.

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Author notes

  1. **aoyun Dong

    Present address: The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th st. and Civic Center Blvd. ARC/314G, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

  2. Zonglie Hong

    Present address: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3052, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Center, Department of Plant Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 240 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210-1002, USA

    **aoyun Dong & Desh Pal S. Verma

  2. Plant Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 240 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210-1002, USA

    Zonglie Hong, Jayanta Chatterjee & Sunghan Kim

Authors
  1. **aoyun Dong
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  5. Desh Pal S. Verma
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Correspondence to Desh Pal S. Verma.

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Dong, X., Hong, Z., Chatterjee, J. et al. Expression of callose synthase genes and its connection with Npr1 signaling pathway during pathogen infection. Planta 229, 87–98 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-008-0812-3

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