SpringerLink
Log in

Cerebrospinal fluid HIV viral load in different phases of HIV–associated brain disease

  • ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION
  • Published:
Journal of Neurology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 21 July 2010

Abstract

We compared CSF HIV viral load in 33 asymptomatic HIV seropositive patients, 11 patients with incipient minor motor deficits (MMD), 11 patients with sustained MMD, and 16 patients with HIV–associated dementia. Patients with incipient MMD showed significantly higher CSF viral load than asymptomatic patients. Demented patients also had higher CSF viral loads than asymptomatic patients. This phenomenon is independent of antiretroviral therapy. Thus, correlation of viral load with time suggests a multiphasic course of HIV–associated CNS disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arendt G, Hefter H, Buescher L, Hilperath F, Elsing C, Freund HJ (1992) Improvement of motor performance of HIV–positive patients under AZT therapy. Neurology 42:891–896

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arendt G, Hefter H, Hilperath F, von Giesen HJ, Strohmeyer G, Freund HJ (1994) Motor analysis predicts progression in HIV–associated brain disease. J Neurol Sci 123:180–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Arendt G, von Giesen HJ, Hefter H, Theisen A (2001) Therapeutic effects of nucleoside analogues on psychomotor slowing in HIV infection. AIDS 15:493–500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Arendt G, von Giesen HJ, Husstedt IW, Maschke M, Sporer B, Weber T (2002) HIV–1 assoziierte Erkrankungen. In: Diener HC,Hacke W (eds) Neurologie DGf. Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart, p 94–99

  5. Arendt G, von Giesen HJ, Jablonowski H (1998) Stavudine stops Neuro–AIDS in AZT Non–Responders. In: 12th World AIDS Conference. Geneva, Switzerland, p Abstract 564/32207

  6. Brew BJ, Bhalla RB, Paul M, Gallardo H, McArthur JC, Schwartz MK, Price RW (1990) Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Ann Neurol 28:556–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Brew BJ, Bhalla RB, Paul M, Sidtis JJ, Keilp JJ, Sadler AE, Gallardo H, McArthur JC, Schwartz MK, Price RW (1992) Cerebrospinal fluid beta 2–microglobulin in patients with AIDS dementia complex: an expanded series including response to zidovudine treatment. AIDS 6:461–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. CDC (1992) 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 41:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chiodi F, Keys B, Albert J, Hagberg L, Lundeberg J, Uhlen M, Fenyo EM, Norkrans G (1992) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of a majority of infected individuals. J Clin Microbiol 30:1768–1771

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cinque P, Bestetti A, Morelli P, Presi S (2000) Molecular analysis of cerebrospinal fluid: potential for the study of HIV–1 infection of the central nervous system. J Neurovirol 6(Suppl 1):S95–S102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Conrad AJ, Schmid P, Syndulko K, Singer EJ, Nagra RM, Russell JJ, Tourtellotte WW (1995) Quantifying HIV–1 RNA using the polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid and serum of seropositive individuals with and without neurologic abnormalities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 10:425–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Di Stefano M, Monno L, Fiore JR, Buccoliero G, Appice A, Perulli LM, Pastore G, Angarano G (1998) Neurological disorders during HIV–1 infection correlate with viral load in cerebrospinal fluid but not with virus phenotype. AIDS 12:737–743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ellis RJ, Hsia K, Spector SA, Nelson JA, Heaton RK, Wallace MR, Abramson I, Atkinson JH, Grant I, McCutchan JA (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Ann Neurol 42:679–688

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B (1998) Cerebrospinal fluid viral load in HIV–1–infected patients without antiretroviral treatment: a longitudinal study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 17:291–295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Heyes MP, Brew BJ, Martin A, Price RW, Salazar AM, Sidtis JJ, Yergey JA, Mouradian MM, Sadler AE, Keilp J, et al. (1991) Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV–1 infection: relationship to clinical and neurological status. Ann Neurol 29:202–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ho DD, Pomerantz RJ,Kaplan JC (1987) Pathogenesis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 317:278–286

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Janssen RS, Cornblath DR, Epstein LG, Foa RP, McArthur JC, Price RW, Asbury AK, Beckett A, Benson DF, Bridge TP, Leventhal CM, Satz P, Saykin AJ, Sidtis JJ, Tross S (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus–type 1 (HIV–1) infection. Neurology 41:778–785

    Google Scholar 

  18. Korber BT, Kunstman KJ, Patterson BK, Furtado M, McEvilly MM, Levy R, Wolinsky SM (1994) Genetic differences between blood– and brain–derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1–infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain–derived sequences. J Virol 68:7467–7481

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. McArthur JC, McClernon DR, Cronin MF, Nance–Sproson TE, Saah AJ, St Clair M, Lanier ER (1997) Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus–associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Ann Neurol 42:689–698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Peeters MF, Colebunders RL, Van den Abbeele K, Nys PC, Goeman J, Colans P, Geerts Y, Van der Groen G (1995) Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus biological phenotypes isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood. J Med Virol 47:92–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Power C, McArthur JC, Johnson RT, Griffin DE, Glass JD, Perryman S, Chesebro B (1994) Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain–derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences. J Virol 68:4643–4649

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pratt RD, Nichols S, McKinney N, Kwok S, Dankner WM, Spector SA (1996) Virologic markers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid of infected children. J Infect Dis 174:288–293

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Price RW (2000) The two faces of HIV infection of cerebrospinal fluid. Trends Microbiol 8:387–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Price RW, Staprans S (1997) Measuring the “viral load” in cerebrospinal fluid in human immunodeficiency virus infection: window into brain infection? (editorial, comment). Ann Neurol 42:675–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Royal W, 3rd, Selnes OA, Concha M, Nance–Sproson TE, McArthur JC (1994) Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV–1) p24 antigen levels in HIV–1-related dementia. Ann Neurol 36:32–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sacktor NC, Bacellar H, Hoover DR, Nance-Sproson TE, Selnes OA, Miller EN, Dal Pan GJ, Kleeberger C, Brown A, Saah A, McArthur JC (1996) Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: a predictor of dementia, AIDS and death. J Neurovirol 2:404–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sacktor NC, Lyles RH, Skolasky RL, Anderson DE, McArthur JC, McFarlane G, Selnes OA, Becker JT, Cohen B, Wesch J, Miller EN (1999) Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV–seropositive homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology 52:1640–1647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Singer EJ, Syndulko K, Fahy–Chandon BN, Shapshak P, Resnick L, Schmid P, Conrad AJ, Tourtellotte WW (1994) Cerebrospinal fluid p24 antigen levels and intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis are associated with cognitive disease severity in HIV–1. AIDS 8:197–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Spector SA, Hsia K, Pratt D, Lathey J, McCutchan JA,Alcaraz JE,Atkinson JH,Gulevich S,Wallace M,Grant I (1993) Virologic markers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. J Infect Dis 168:68–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Staprans S, Marlowe N, Glidden D, Novakovic–Agopian T, Grant RM, Heyes M, Aweeka F, Deeks S, Price RW (1999) Time course of cerebrospinal fluid responses to antiretroviral therapy: evidence for variable compartmentalization of infection. AIDS 13:1051–1061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vazeux R (1991) AIDS encephalopathy and tropism of HIV for brain monocytes/ macrophages and microglial cells. Pathobiology 59:214–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. von Giesen HJ, Hefter H, Jablonowski H, Arendt G (2000) HAART is neuroprophylactic in HIV–1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 23:380–385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. von Giesen HJ, Hefter H, Roick H, Mauss S, Arendt G (1994) HIV–specific changes in the motor performance of HIV–positive intravenous drug abusers. J Neurol 242:20–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wesselingh SL, Power C, Glass JD, Tyor WR, McArthur JC, Farber JM, Griffin JW, Griffin DE (1993) Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia. Ann Neurol 33: 576–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Wong JK, Ignacio CC, Torriani F, Havlir D, Fitch NJ, Richman DD (1997) In vivo compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus: evidence from the examination of pol sequences from autopsy tissues. J Virol 71: 2059–2071

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Neurology, Heinrich–Heine–Universität, Düsseldorf, 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany

    H.–J. von Giesen

  2. Dept. of Diagnostic Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    O. Adams MD

  3. Dept. of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    H. Köller MD & G. Arendt MD

Authors
  1. H.–J. von Giesen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. Adams MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Köller MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Arendt MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H.–J. von Giesen.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5672-7.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

von Giesen, ., Adams, O., Köller, H. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV viral load in different phases of HIV–associated brain disease. J Neurol 252, 801–807 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0749-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0749-4

Key words

Search

Navigation