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Evidence for distinct stages of magma history recorded by the compositions of accessory apatite and zircon

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Abstract

Accessory minerals contain a robust and accessible record of magma evolution. However, they may reflect relatively late-stage conditions in the history of the host magmas. In the normally zoned Criffell granitic pluton (Scotland), whole-rock (WR) compositions reflect open system assimilation and fractional crystallisation at depths of >11 km, whereas amphibole barometry and the absence of inherited zircon suggest that the observed mineral assemblages crystallised following emplacement of magmas with little or no crystal cargo at depths of 4–6 km. The crystallisation history is documented by large trace-element variations amongst apatite crystals from within individual samples: decreasing LREE and Th concentrations in apatite crystals from metaluminous samples reflect broadly synchronous crystallisation of allanite, whereas lower LREE and Th, and more negative Nd anomalies in apatites from peraluminous samples reflect the effects of monazite crystallisation. WR evolution is likely to have occurred within a deep crustal hot zone where H2O-rich (~6 wt%), low-viscosity magmas segregated and ascended adiabatically in a super-liquidus state, leading to resorption of most entrained crystals. Stalling, emplacement and crystallisation resulted from intersection with the H2O-saturated liquidus at ~4 km. H2O contents are as important as temperature in the development of super-liquidus magmas during ascent, blurring distinctions between apparently ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ granites. The trace-element contents of most accessory minerals are controlled by competitive crystallisation of other accessory minerals in small melt batches, consistent with the incremental assembly of large granitic plutons.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided by an NERC CASE Studentship and a BGS BUFI grant. We are also grateful to NERC for use of the Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility and in particular to John Craven for his support and expertise. Chris Hayward is thanked for help with electron microprobe analyses and Mike Hall for support with preparation of zircon mounts and thin sections. Angus Calder and Donald Herd provided help with mineral separation at the University of St Andrews. We are indebted to Ed Stephens (University of St Andrews) for advice prior to fieldwork and during subsequent data analysis. Discussions with Godfrey Fitton and Nigel Harris together with helpful reviews by two anonymous reviewers have further developed and significantly improved the manuscript. We thank Jon Blundy for careful and constructive comments and editing.

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  1. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK

    A. J. Miles, C. M. Graham & R. W. Hinton

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK

    C. J. Hawkesworth

  3. British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK

    M. R. Gillespie

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  1. A. J. Miles
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Communicated by J. Blundy.

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Miles, A.J., Graham, C.M., Hawkesworth, C.J. et al. Evidence for distinct stages of magma history recorded by the compositions of accessory apatite and zircon. Contrib Mineral Petrol 166, 1–19 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0862-9

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